Java偏向锁是如何撤销的?
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首先祭出几个传送门:
- Synchronization - HotSpot - OpenJDK Wiki
- http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/tech/biasedlocking-oopsla2006-preso-150106.pdf
- http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/biasedlocking-oopsla2006-wp-149958.pdf
- http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:754541/FULLTEXT01.pdf
其次,BiasedLocking是在针对lightweight Spin Lock在没有Contention的情况下作出的优化,降低无Contention情况下获取锁的开销;
然后,放出我收藏的Java Synchronized的原理图
这张原理图基本上还原了HotSpot VM的内置synchronized关键字的实现机制和锁膨胀流程;
最后,HotSpot VM针对BiasedLocking的具体实现比较复杂,研究起来比较费时费力,有兴趣可以从bytecodeInterpreter.cpp line:681 METHOD->is_synchronized 开始研究;关于具体怎么revoke的,如果你不满足于了解原理,那么我再贴出具体实现的源码(最好结合上下文,revoke时必须处于全局安全点,由VMThread线程执行):
BiasedLocking::Condition BiasedLocking::revoke_and_rebias(Handle obj, bool attempt_rebias, TRAPS) {
assert(!SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must not be called while at safepoint");
// We can revoke the biases of anonymously-biased objects
// efficiently enough that we should not cause these revocations to
// update the heuristics because doing so may cause unwanted bulk
// revocations (which are expensive) to occur.
markOop mark = obj->mark();
if (mark->is_biased_anonymously() && !attempt_rebias) {
// We are probably trying to revoke the bias of this object due to
// an identity hash code computation. Try to revoke the bias
// without a safepoint. This is possible if we can successfully
// compare-and-exchange an unbiased header into the mark word of
// the object, meaning that no other thread has raced to acquire
// the bias of the object.
markOop biased_value = mark;
markOop unbiased_prototype = markOopDesc::prototype()->set_age(mark->age());
markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(unbiased_prototype, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
if (res_mark == biased_value) {
return BIAS_REVOKED;
}
} else if (mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
Klass* k = obj->klass();
markOop prototype_header = k->prototype_header();
if (!prototype_header->has_bias_pattern()) {
// This object has a stale bias from before the bulk revocation
// for this data type occurred. It's pointless to update the
// heuristics at this point so simply update the header with a
// CAS. If we fail this race, the object's bias has been revoked
// by another thread so we simply return and let the caller deal
// with it.
markOop biased_value = mark;
markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(prototype_header, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
assert(!(*(obj->mark_addr()))->has_bias_pattern(), "even if we raced, should still be revoked");
return BIAS_REVOKED;
} else if (prototype_header->bias_epoch() != mark->bias_epoch()) {
// The epoch of this biasing has expired indicating that the
// object is effectively unbiased. Depending on whether we need
// to rebias or revoke the bias of this object we can do it
// efficiently enough with a CAS that we shouldn't update the
// heuristics. This is normally done in the assembly code but we
// can reach this point due to various points in the runtime
// needing to revoke biases.
if (attempt_rebias) {
assert(THREAD->is_Java_thread(), "");
markOop biased_value = mark;
markOop rebiased_prototype = markOopDesc::encode((JavaThread*) THREAD, mark->age(), prototype_header->bias_epoch());
markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(rebiased_prototype, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
if (res_mark == biased_value) {
return BIAS_REVOKED_AND_REBIASED;
}
} else {
markOop biased_value = mark;
markOop unbiased_prototype = markOopDesc::prototype()->set_age(mark->age());
markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(unbiased_prototype, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
if (res_mark == biased_value) {
return BIAS_REVOKED;
}
}
}
}
HeuristicsResult heuristics = update_heuristics(obj(), attempt_rebias);
if (heuristics == HR_NOT_BIASED) {
return NOT_BIASED;
} else if (heuristics == HR_SINGLE_REVOKE) {
Klass *k = obj->klass();
markOop prototype_header = k->prototype_header();
if (mark->biased_locker() == THREAD &&
prototype_header->bias_epoch() == mark->bias_epoch()) {
// A thread is trying to revoke the bias of an object biased
// toward it, again likely due to an identity hash code
// computation. We can again avoid a safepoint in this case
// since we are only going to walk our own stack. There are no
// races with revocations occurring in other threads because we
// reach no safepoints in the revocation path.
// Also check the epoch because even if threads match, another thread
// can come in with a CAS to steal the bias of an object that has a
// stale epoch.
ResourceMark rm;
if (TraceBiasedLocking) {
tty->print_cr("Revoking bias by walking my own stack:");
}
BiasedLocking::Condition cond = revoke_bias(obj(), false, false, (JavaThread*) THREAD);
((JavaThread*) THREAD)->set_cached_monitor_info(NULL);
assert(cond == BIAS_REVOKED, "why not?");
return cond;
} else {
VM_RevokeBias revoke(&obj, (JavaThread*) THREAD);
VMThread::execute(&revoke);
return revoke.status_code();
}
}
assert((heuristics == HR_BULK_REVOKE) ||
(heuristics == HR_BULK_REBIAS), "?");
VM_BulkRevokeBias bulk_revoke(&obj, (JavaThread*) THREAD,
(heuristics == HR_BULK_REBIAS),
attempt_rebias);
VMThread::execute(&bulk_revoke);
return bulk_revoke.status_code();
}
static BiasedLocking::Condition revoke_bias(oop obj, bool allow_rebias, bool is_bulk, JavaThread* requesting_thread) {
markOop mark = obj->mark();
if (!mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
if (TraceBiasedLocking) {
ResourceMark rm;
tty->print_cr(" (Skipping revocation of object of type %s because it's no longer biased)",
obj->klass()->external_name());
}
return BiasedLocking::NOT_BIASED;
}
uint age = mark->age();
markOop biased_prototype = markOopDesc::biased_locking_prototype()->set_age(age);
markOop unbiased_prototype = markOopDesc::prototype()->set_age(age);
if (TraceBiasedLocking && (Verbose || !is_bulk)) {
ResourceMark rm;
tty->print_cr("Revoking bias of object " INTPTR_FORMAT " , mark " INTPTR_FORMAT " , type %s , prototype header " INTPTR_FORMAT " , allow rebias %d , requesting thread " INTPTR_FORMAT,
(void *)obj, (intptr_t) mark, obj->klass()->external_name(), (intptr_t) obj->klass()->prototype_header(), (allow_rebias ? 1 : 0), (intptr_t) requesting_thread);
}
JavaThread* biased_thread = mark->biased_locker();
if (biased_thread == NULL) {
// Object is anonymously biased. We can get here if, for
// example, we revoke the bias due to an identity hash code
// being computed for an object.
if (!allow_rebias) {
obj->set_mark(unbiased_prototype);
}
if (TraceBiasedLocking && (Verbose || !is_bulk)) {
tty->print_cr(" Revoked bias of anonymously-biased object");
}
return BiasedLocking::BIAS_REVOKED;
}
// Handle case where the thread toward which the object was biased has exited
bool thread_is_alive = false;
if (requesting_thread == biased_thread) {
thread_is_alive = true;
} else {
for (JavaThread* cur_thread = Threads::first(); cur_thread != NULL; cur_thread = cur_thread->next()) {
if (cur_thread == biased_thread) {
thread_is_alive = true;
break;
}
}
}
if (!thread_is_alive) {
if (allow_rebias) {
obj->set_mark(biased_prototype);
} else {
obj->set_mark(unbiased_prototype);
}
if (TraceBiasedLocking && (Verbose || !is_bulk)) {
tty->print_cr(" Revoked bias of object biased toward dead thread");
}
return BiasedLocking::BIAS_REVOKED;
}
// Thread owning bias is alive.
// Check to see whether it currently owns the lock and, if so,
// write down the needed displaced headers to the thread's stack.
// Otherwise, restore the object's header either to the unlocked
// or unbiased state.
GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*>* cached_monitor_info = get_or_compute_monitor_info(biased_thread);
BasicLock* highest_lock = NULL;
for (int i = 0; i < cached_monitor_info->length(); i++) {
MonitorInfo* mon_info = cached_monitor_info->at(i);
if (mon_info->owner() == obj) {
if (TraceBiasedLocking && Verbose) {
tty->print_cr(" mon_info->owner (" PTR_FORMAT ") == obj (" PTR_FORMAT ")",
(void *) mon_info->owner(),
(void *) obj);
}
// Assume recursive case and fix up highest lock later
markOop mark = markOopDesc::encode((BasicLock*) NULL);
highest_lock = mon_info->lock();
highest_lock->set_displaced_header(mark);
} else {
if (TraceBiasedLocking && Verbose) {
tty->print_cr(" mon_info->owner (" PTR_FORMAT ") != obj (" PTR_FORMAT ")",
(void *) mon_info->owner(),
(void *) obj);
}
}
}
if (highest_lock != NULL) {
// Fix up highest lock to contain displaced header and point
// object at it
highest_lock->set_displaced_header(unbiased_prototype);
// Reset object header to point to displaced mark
obj->set_mark(markOopDesc::encode(highest_lock));
assert(!obj->mark()->has_bias_pattern(), "illegal mark state: stack lock used bias bit");
if (TraceBiasedLocking && (Verbose || !is_bulk)) {
tty->print_cr(" Revoked bias of currently-locked object");
}
} else {
if (TraceBiasedLocking && (Verbose || !is_bulk)) {
tty->print_cr(" Revoked bias of currently-unlocked object");
}
if (allow_rebias) {
obj->set_mark(biased_prototype);
} else {
// Store the unlocked value into the object's header.
obj->set_mark(unbiased_prototype);
}
}
return BiasedLocking::BIAS_REVOKED;
}