Edit:
According to the updated questions, with screenshots comment below, seems like your problem is related to this other post from years ago.
The solution I could provide for you is to find your gradle*.zip file, delete it, and re-run the command. That way, the command would try downloading the gradle again. And this time, please make sure your connection is stable during the command run process, as the command will re-download the gradle zip again.
For reasons of the solution I provided, according to the link, it is caused by your connection is unstable and the gradle zip downloaded during the process is corrupted.
Previous Answer:
Do you have Android Studio installed on your computer?
Have you tried running the command again after you started an Android emulator device from Android Studio?
The command you mentioned AFAIK, does not try to run any emulator for you, and you need to run an emulator yourself to test your app.
Also you need to have Android SDK installed to run a react-native android-app. It does not comes with react-native, but it does comes with Android Studio.
So, maybe you should start there!