4.28 【双语听力】末代皇帝溥仪的洋外教—帝师庄士敦、自行车和眼镜

英语PK台

Bruce寻访

京城趣人趣事

Reginald Johnston（庄士敦）是清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗·溥仪的外籍老师，也是中国历史上第一位帝师。1919年应邀至紫禁城教授溥仪英语、数学、地理及西方学说。他汉学功力深厚、热爱中国文化，具有学者素养，对溥仪竭诚尽忠倾其相授，为古老皇宫带来新鲜气息备受溥仪敬重，师生情谊深厚。

庄士敦希望自己能够“士志于道”，并为自己起字“志道”。对于溥仪，庄士敦如师如父如友，自幼封闭宫中的溥仪在庄士敦的引导下，戴上了眼镜，剪掉了辫子，在宫里装上电话，骑起自行车，会见了外国使节，还和胡适通电话，改革宫内的财务制度。这一切促使了溥仪的觉醒。

Lars Tom is from Denmark, but has lived in Beijing for many years. He is a Beijing historian who has researched many of the stories and legends about the city. Lars has a great interest in the Forbidden City and the lives of the people who have lived within its walls.

Lars Tom来自丹麦，是一位北京历史学家。在北京居住多年，研究过许多关于北京的故事和传奇。尤喜研究当年居住在紫禁城里的人们的生活。

Many legends and stories surround the years when Pu Yi, the Last Emperor lived there - he was only a young child - to help with his education a tutor was hired, a Scotsman called Sir Reginald Johnston.

中国的最后一位皇帝：溥仪执政期间有不少传奇故事。溥仪当时还是个小孩，为了得到更好的教育，一位叫Reginald Johnston的苏格兰人受聘成为了溥仪的私塾老师，也是中国历史上第一位“帝师”。

In 1988 a film, ‘The Last Emperor’ was released. Much of it was filmed within the Forbidden City and included the story of Reginald Johnston and Pu Yi. In this feature we learn of the legends about Johnston and a bicycle and glasses - legends that are now part of the history of the Palace.

1988年，电影：“末代皇帝”上映，影片取景大部分在紫禁城中，其中也刻画了 Reginald Johnston和溥仪的师生情谊。本期听力专题我们将跟随Lars了解一些关于Johnston，溥仪，一辆自行车、一副眼镜和在紫禁城里发生过的一些师生往事。

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【New Words】

Legend [ˈlɛdʒənd] 传说;传奇人物;

Forbidden City [fɚˈbɪdn, fɔr-] 紫禁城;故宫

Tutor [ˈtu:tə(r)] 导师;家庭教师;

Scotsman [ˈskɑtsmən] 苏格兰人

14点电台直播

主持：京晶外籍嘉宾：Bruce (苏格兰）

Bicycles, glasses and stories of Old Beijing

自行车，眼镜和老北京的故事

末代皇帝的洋老师

帝师庄士敦Reginald Johnston——

他带给溥仪自行车，西洋眼镜，和世界新知

点击收听采访

采访文字壹

He is credited with teaching the Last Emperor, Pu Yi, to cycle

他被归功于教会了末代皇帝溥仪骑自行车

In the Forbidden city there are these areas with ramps, not steps

紫禁城中有很多斜坡，并没有被修葺成台阶

The story is that this was for the little boy to cycle

故事里说，斜坡的存在就是为了让这小男孩学习骑自行车

It might be true - I have seen no writing of this

这也许是真的—我到是没有看过任何关于这些故事的文字资料

He did not only give a bicycle to the Emperor - he gave bicycles to both the Emperor and the Empress

他不仅给了皇帝一辆自行车，也给了皇后一辆

It is not exactly accurate in the movie (‘The Last Emperor) that he was so small when he has the bicycle - because he was actually married at 16 years old

电影“末代皇帝”中的桥段并不十分精确，里面说皇帝在很小的时候就有了一辆自行车，事实上溥仪皇帝那时已经年满16岁并且已经结婚了。

So it was actually later than the image we get from the movie

所以皇帝拥有自行车的实际年龄比我们从电影中看到的大得多

Did Reginald Johnston actually introduce the bicycle to China

那么庄士敦到底是不是把自行车引进中国的那个人呢

He didn’t - not at all

他不是，完全不是

Actually the emperor before, GuangXu - he had also a bicycle much, much earlier

事实上，溥仪的先帝，光绪皇帝早就拥有自行车

采访文字

The whole story of the bicycle is quite amazing - I do think it was invented in the UK

关于自行车的起源也是令人叹为观止的，我确实认为自行车是英国人发明的

I think that is very likely - a lot of the bicycles that were used at first in China came from the UK

我认为这是很有可能的——中国最开始使用那一批自行车确实来自英国

it was later there was a big home production of bicycles

后来，还有了一个自行车的大型生产基地

Another story that can definitely be confirmed is the story of Pu Yi’s glasses

另外一个确凿的故事，就是溥仪的洋眼镜

When Reginald Johnston is coming into the Forbidden City he realises that the Last Emperor has a very heavy short-sight

当庄士敦进入紫禁城后，他发现这位皇帝竟然是个高度近视

The Last Emperor is suffering from very severe headaches because of this

这位末代皇帝也因此遭受严重的头疼困扰

But the administration around him, they wont allow him to have glasses

because they think it is a very modern, western thing

但是皇帝身边的总管们却不允许他戴眼镜，因为他们认为眼镜是个现代的、西方的玩意

Fascinating - at this point you have the Forbidden City

相当有趣——此刻你拥有整个紫禁城

The southern part belongs to the Republic

南边部分属于共和国

Many architects were coming in and changing it - there was the first Forbidden City museum in that part

许多建筑师正进来改造紫禁城——那里有紫禁城的第一个博物馆

【New words 】

Credit with 相信[认为]

（某人）有（某种业绩、优点）

Ramp [ræmp] 土堤斜坡;斜道;敲诈;

Emperor [ˈɛmpəɚ] 皇帝，君主

Empress [ˈɛmprɪs] 皇后;女皇

Likely [ˈlaɪkli] 可能的;适合的;有希望的

Definitely [ˈdefɪnətli]

明确地;确切地;一定地;肯定地

Short-sight 近视

Severe [sɪˈvɪr]

严峻的;严厉的;剧烈的;苛刻的

Fascinating [ˈfæsəˌnetɪŋ]

迷人的，有极大吸引力的;使人神魂颠倒的

Republic [rɪˈpʌblɪk] 共和国，共和政体

请输入标题 abcdefg

【Questions 】

1、Why in some parts of the Forbidden City are there ramps instead of steps? Possibly for the Last Emperor to Cycle

为什么紫金城里有一些坡道而不是台阶呢？可能是为了末代皇帝学骑自行车

2、Who is credited with teaching the Last Emperor to cycle? Sir Reginald Johnston

谁被归功于教会了末代皇帝骑自行车呢？庄士敦先生

3、Which Emperor was the first to cycle? Guangxu

第一位骑自行车的皇帝是谁？光绪

4、What was wrong with Pu Yi’s eyesight? He was short-sighted

溥仪的视力有何问题？高度近视

5、Who would not allow him to wear glasses? The Emperor’s administration officials.

谁不让溥仪戴眼镜的呢？皇帝的总管们

采访文字贰

But in the very northern part you have the court still residing

但是在最北面还有个宫廷

so you have both the President and Emperor inside the same institution

所以总统和皇帝在同一个机构里

That court (Emperor’s) is more conservative than ever，it is totally closed off to the public

皇帝的宫廷比以往更加保守，与外界几乎绝缘。

So when it comes to western things they wont allow the Emperor to wear them

所以对于西方的新鲜玩意，他们是绝不会让皇帝接触穿戴的

Because they feel it is a kind of ‘selling out’

因为他们觉得这是一种“背叛”的行为

采访文字

And inside the Palace the old concubines of deceased emperors - they are extremely powerful

在宫里，先皇的遗孀—她们都很有势力

So Reginald Johnston, he has got these arguments with them

所以庄士敦经常与她们争论

Because he is insisting the boy will have glasses

因为他坚持让溥仪佩戴眼镜

Finally he is actually threatening to retire

事实上，他威胁（如果不让他带眼镜就）离职

Finally he succeeds in having glasses made for the Emperor

最后他成功让皇帝带上了定制眼镜

采访文字

I was thinking about this because I was walking around Wangfujing the other day

前几天我在王府井闲逛的时候还在想这事呢

I went into one of the Dasha - and they had a glasses shop - called ‘Puyi’

我走进了其中一座大厦，里面有个眼镜店就叫 “溥仪”

It is a chain store

这是一个连锁店

This story of Pu Yi and his glasses is one of the things many people know

溥仪和他眼镜也是被人们所熟知的故事之一

It is part of the image, the legacy Pu Yi has left behind

这也是末代皇帝留下的一种形象

采访文字

I love all these stories about the Old Beijing

我热爱所有关于老北京的故事

You mention Wangfujing - I used to go into the Foreign Languages Book Store down there

你提到了王府井——我过去常逛那里的外文书店

There were always books you could buy about the old hutongs, the alleys of Beijing

那里总有你喜欢的关于老北京的书，那些描写胡同小巷的书。

You get these books and you start following the places and you see the whole life come in front of you

你读过了那些书，会去跟着书中所描述的地方，你能窥见在这里人们生活的全貌

Especially after 1949 then a lot of factories were moved directly into the hutongs

尤其是1949年之后，好多工厂直接搬进了胡同里

So that is very interesting and that was actually the first time ever that Beijing became a centre of production

这就非常有趣了，也是为什么有史以来第一次北京成为生产制造的中心

【New words 】

Conservative [kənˈsɜ:rvətɪv]

保守的; 保守的人

Concubine [ˈkɑ:ŋkjubaɪn] 妾，妃子

Deceased [dɪˈsist] 已故的，已死的

Extremely [ɪk'strimlɪ] 极端地;非常，很;去;绝

Legacy [ˈlɛɡəsi] 遗产;遗赠

Alley [ˈæli] 小径;胡同，小巷;球道

【Qutstions 】

1、Where did the Last Emperor and his court continue to reside? In the northern part of the Forbidden City

末代皇帝朝廷的哪一部分还在被居住？紫禁城的北部

2、What was he not allowed to wear? Western things

他不被允许穿戴什么样的东西呢？有西方元素的东西

3、What did Lars find at Wangfujing? A glasses shop called ‘Pu Yi’

Lars在王府井找到了什么？一家名字叫做溥仪的眼镜店

4、Where did Bruce find many books about Beijing? Foreign Languages Bookstore on Wangfujing

Bruce在哪里找到了关于北京的书？王府井的外文书店

5、What happened to some Beijing whitings after 1949? Factories were moved in.

1949年之后北京的胡同发生了什么？大批工厂迁入

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about

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溥仪

溥仪（1906年2月7日－1967年10月17日），爱新觉罗氏，乳名“午格”，字耀之，号浩然）是清朝最后一位皇帝，同时也是中国最后一位皇帝。其为清朝皇帝在位时年号“宣统”，故称宣统皇帝（1908年12月2日－1912年2月12日，1917年7月1日－12日）。建国之后成为一名普通公民，并担任第四届全国政协委员。

大清亡国之后，依照《清室优待条件》，溥仪得以暂居紫禁城，并在紫禁城中度过了自己的青少年时代。溥仪师从英国人庄士敦（SirReginald Fleming Johnston），学习英语，为有朝一日出国远走高飞做万一性的准备，但是溥仪身边的遗老遗少、文臣武夫，无日不教育溥仪要立志恢复大清祖业。

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庄士敦

Reginald Johnston

庄士敦对溥仪有何影响？

溥仪老师庄士敦最后为什么离开溥仪

2017-01-30 13:28:15 摘自网络

溥仪曾说过，庄士敦是他的灵魂。庄士敦于1874出生于苏格兰爱丁堡，于1904年来到中国，后来成为溥仪的老师，庄士敦对溥仪竭诚尽忠，倾其所知相授，他给溥仪讲解西方的历史、生活和风俗，并为他起了个英文名“亨利”。

对于溥仪，庄士敦如师，如父，如友，两人的关系日益亲密。1924年8月，溥仪任命庄士敦为“管理颐和园静明园事务大臣”，庄士敦马上把这个好消息告诉骆克哈特。在信中，他还特意用中文写出这个职位的名字。除了教溥仪英文，告诉他外面的世界，庄士敦也时常为他出谋划策，处处维护他，保护他。庄士敦希望自己能够“士志于道”，并为自己起字“志道”。

　　因为庄士敦的间接影响，溥仪把辫子剪掉了。庄士敦甚至建议溥仪从紫禁城搬到颐和园住差点把一些清朝遗老气疯。

　　自幼封闭宫中的溥仪在庄士敦的引导下，戴上了眼睛，剪掉了辫子，在宫里装上电话，骑起自行车，会见了一些外国使节，还和胡适通电话，改革宫内的财务制度。

　　庄士敦专门向溥仪介绍西方的君主立宪思想，提议溥仪到欧洲留学。他介绍溥仪结识了英国大使和英国驻中国舰队司令，希望溥仪能到英国、并在英国的辅佐下建立流亡政府，回中国复辟帝制。

　　在溥仪被日本人推举为伪满洲国皇帝后。庄士敦曾经来看望过溥仪，溥仪也邀请庄士敦做他的顾问，不过庄士敦拒绝了，并且离开了溥仪，那这是为什么呢?

　　原来，此时的庄士敦感觉溥仪不过是日本人的傀儡。

　　庄士敦一生未婚，晚年用其著作版税在苏格兰买了个小岛，给其岛的居室分别起了松竹厅、威海卫厅和皇帝厅等名字，并升起满洲国的龙旗。还在其住所办了个陈列馆，陈列着溥仪赏赐给他的朝服、顶戴、饰物等物件。终其一生，庄士敦都热爱、眷恋着中国。在他看来，中国应该通过君主立宪过渡为现代国家，在皇室的继承中保存上溯千年的传统和文化。但这样的遐想在其有生之年面对溥仪俯首日本为傀儡而已开始瓦解，他最终拒绝了溥仪的挽留，离开了中国。

　　1938年3月6日，庄士敦带着些许遗憾和对中国往事的无尽思念在家乡爱丁堡逝世，享年63岁。