Problem here is that your primary group id collides with an existing system group id in the container.

Your user setup on your host is unusual, most Linux systems expert user ids > 1000 for users and 500-999 for system accounts. Same for group ids. See /etc/login.defs

Why is your group ID so low?

I'm using the MBP with macOS 10.12. The UID start from 501 by default. I'm trying to change UID to 1001,seemed that create a brand new user, all the applications must be reinstall. So I drop this incredible way to build android source code. Thanks for answer my questions.

Well, running directly on macOS would likely lead to alot of headaches with the performance of hte volume mounting through the VM. I used to build Android on macOS in a Docker container (via Linux VM) a few years ago, and wouldn't recommend it.

Can this problem be solved ?

Use root user will solve it

How do you use root user? What commands do you run to set it? Thanks.

use root user to run command.

This seems random. Sometimes it works and sometimes it still throws the error. So the command is:
sudo AOSP_VOL=$PWD/build bash ./build-marshmallow.sh

And most of the time it still throws:
docker_entrypoint: Creating /tmp/ccache and /aosp directory
chown: changing ownership of '/tmp/ccache': Operation not permitted
chown: changing ownership of '/aosp': Operation not permitted

I was able to work around this issue.

1. Had to delete aosp-root in the home folder.
2. manually create the build, aosp and ccache folders in your working folder
3. run sudo AOSP_VOL=$PWD/build bash ./build-marshmallow.sh

This gets it going on OSX

You can also just change the $AOSP_HOST_ID_ARGS in

sudo chown -R $uid:$(id -g) build/

slightly less risky than doing a sudo docker ... command