python/ccxt/bitmex.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, IT IS GENERATED AND WILL BE OVERWRITTEN:
# https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-code

from ccxt.base.exchange import Exchange
from ccxt.abstract.bitmex import ImplicitAPI
import hashlib
from ccxt.base.types import Any, Balances, Currencies, Currency, DepositAddress, Int, LedgerEntry, Leverage, Leverages, Market, MarketType, Num, Order, OrderBook, OrderSide, OrderType, Str, Strings, Ticker, Tickers, FundingRate, FundingRates, Trade, Transaction
from typing import List
from ccxt.base.errors import ExchangeError
from ccxt.base.errors import AuthenticationError
from ccxt.base.errors import PermissionDenied
from ccxt.base.errors import ArgumentsRequired
from ccxt.base.errors import BadRequest
from ccxt.base.errors import BadSymbol
from ccxt.base.errors import InsufficientFunds
from ccxt.base.errors import InvalidOrder
from ccxt.base.errors import OrderNotFound
from ccxt.base.errors import DDoSProtection
from ccxt.base.errors import ExchangeNotAvailable
from ccxt.base.decimal_to_precision import TICK_SIZE
from ccxt.base.precise import Precise


class bitmex(Exchange, ImplicitAPI):

    def describe(self) -> Any:
        return self.deep_extend(super(bitmex, self).describe(), {
            'id': 'bitmex',
            'name': 'BitMEX',
            'countries': ['SC'],  # Seychelles
            'version': 'v1',
            'userAgent': None,
            # cheapest endpoints are 10 requests per second(trading)
            # 10 per second => rateLimit = 1000ms / 10 = 100ms
            # 120 per minute => 2 per second => weight = 5(authenticated)
            # 30 per minute => 0.5 per second => weight = 20(unauthenticated)
            'rateLimit': 100,
            'certified': True,
            'pro': True,
            'has': {
                'CORS': None,
                'spot': True,
                'margin': False,
                'swap': True,
                'future': True,
                'option': False,
                'addMargin': None,
                'cancelAllOrders': True,
                'cancelAllOrdersAfter': True,
                'cancelOrder': True,
                'cancelOrders': True,
                'closeAllPositions': False,
                'closePosition': True,
                'createOrder': True,
                'createReduceOnlyOrder': True,
                'createStopOrder': True,
                'createTrailingAmountOrder': True,
                'createTriggerOrder': True,
                'editOrder': True,
                'fetchBalance': True,
                'fetchClosedOrders': True,
                'fetchCurrencies': True,
                'fetchDepositAddress': True,
                'fetchDepositAddresses': False,
                'fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork': False,
                'fetchDepositsWithdrawals': 'emulated',
                'fetchDepositWithdrawFee': 'emulated',
                'fetchDepositWithdrawFees': True,
                'fetchFundingHistory': False,
                'fetchFundingRate': 'emulated',  # emulated in exchange
                'fetchFundingRateHistory': True,
                'fetchFundingRates': True,
                'fetchIndexOHLCV': False,
                'fetchLedger': True,
                'fetchLeverage': 'emulated',
                'fetchLeverages': True,
                'fetchLeverageTiers': False,
                'fetchLiquidations': True,
                'fetchMarginAdjustmentHistory': False,
                'fetchMarketLeverageTiers': False,
                'fetchMarkets': True,
                'fetchMarkOHLCV': False,
                'fetchMyLiquidations': False,
                'fetchMyTrades': True,
                'fetchOHLCV': True,
                'fetchOpenOrders': True,
                'fetchOrder': True,
                'fetchOrderBook': True,
                'fetchOrders': True,
                'fetchPosition': False,
                'fetchPositionHistory': False,
                'fetchPositions': True,
                'fetchPositionsHistory': False,
                'fetchPositionsRisk': False,
                'fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV': False,
                'fetchTicker': True,
                'fetchTickers': True,
                'fetchTrades': True,
                'fetchTransactions': 'emulated',
                'fetchTransfer': False,
                'fetchTransfers': False,
                'reduceMargin': None,
                'sandbox': True,
                'setLeverage': True,
                'setMargin': None,
                'setMarginMode': True,
                'setPositionMode': False,
                'transfer': False,
                'withdraw': True,
            },
            'timeframes': {
                '1m': '1m',
                '5m': '5m',
                '1h': '1h',
                '1d': '1d',
            },
            'urls': {
                'test': {
                    'public': 'https://testnet.bitmex.com',
                    'private': 'https://testnet.bitmex.com',
                },
                'logo': 'https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c78425ab-78d5-49d6-bd14-db7734798f04',
                'api': {
                    'public': 'https://www.bitmex.com',
                    'private': 'https://www.bitmex.com',
                },
                'www': 'https://www.bitmex.com',
                'doc': [
                    'https://www.bitmex.com/app/apiOverview',
                    'https://github.com/BitMEX/api-connectors/tree/master/official-http',
                ],
                'fees': 'https://www.bitmex.com/app/fees',
                'referral': {
                    'url': 'https://www.bitmex.com/app/register/NZTR1q',
                    'discount': 0.1,
                },
            },
            'api': {
                'public': {
                    'get': {
                        'announcement': 5,
                        'announcement/urgent': 5,
                        'chat': 5,
                        'chat/channels': 5,
                        'chat/connected': 5,
                        'chat/pinned': 5,
                        'funding': 5,
                        'guild': 5,
                        'instrument': 5,
                        'instrument/active': 5,
                        'instrument/activeAndIndices': 5,
                        'instrument/activeIntervals': 5,
                        'instrument/compositeIndex': 5,
                        'instrument/indices': 5,
                        'instrument/usdVolume': 5,
                        'insurance': 5,
                        'leaderboard': 5,
                        'liquidation': 5,
                        'orderBook/L2': 5,
                        'porl/nonce': 5,
                        'quote': 5,
                        'quote/bucketed': 5,
                        'schema': 5,
                        'schema/websocketHelp': 5,
                        'settlement': 5,
                        'stats': 5,
                        'stats/history': 5,
                        'stats/historyUSD': 5,
                        'trade': 5,
                        'trade/bucketed': 5,
                        'wallet/assets': 5,
                        'wallet/networks': 5,
                    },
                },
                'private': {
                    'get': {
                        'address': 5,
                        'apiKey': 5,
                        'execution': 5,
                        'execution/tradeHistory': 5,
                        'globalNotification': 5,
                        'leaderboard/name': 5,
                        'order': 5,
                        'porl/snapshots': 5,
                        'position': 5,
                        'user': 5,
                        'user/affiliateStatus': 5,
                        'user/checkReferralCode': 5,
                        'user/commission': 5,
                        'user/csa': 5,
                        'user/depositAddress': 5,
                        'user/executionHistory': 5,
                        'user/getWalletTransferAccounts': 5,
                        'user/margin': 5,
                        'user/quoteFillRatio': 5,
                        'user/quoteValueRatio': 5,
                        'user/staking': 5,
                        'user/staking/instruments': 5,
                        'user/staking/tiers': 5,
                        'user/tradingVolume': 5,
                        'user/unstakingRequests': 5,
                        'user/wallet': 5,
                        'user/walletHistory': 5,
                        'user/walletSummary': 5,
                        'userAffiliates': 5,
                        'userEvent': 5,
                    },
                    'post': {
                        'address': 5,
                        'chat': 5,
                        'guild': 5,
                        'guild/archive': 5,
                        'guild/join': 5,
                        'guild/kick': 5,
                        'guild/leave': 5,
                        'guild/sharesTrades': 5,
                        'order': 1,
                        'order/cancelAllAfter': 5,
                        'order/closePosition': 5,
                        'position/isolate': 1,
                        'position/leverage': 1,
                        'position/riskLimit': 5,
                        'position/transferMargin': 1,
                        'user/addSubaccount': 5,
                        'user/cancelWithdrawal': 5,
                        'user/communicationToken': 5,
                        'user/confirmEmail': 5,
                        'user/confirmWithdrawal': 5,
                        'user/logout': 5,
                        'user/preferences': 5,
                        'user/requestWithdrawal': 5,
                        'user/unstakingRequests': 5,
                        'user/updateSubaccount': 5,
                        'user/walletTransfer': 5,
                    },
                    'put': {
                        'guild': 5,
                        'order': 1,
                    },
                    'delete': {
                        'order': 1,
                        'order/all': 1,
                        'user/unstakingRequests': 5,
                    },
                },
            },
            'exceptions': {
                'exact': {
                    'Invalid API Key.': AuthenticationError,
                    'This key is disabled.': PermissionDenied,
                    'Access Denied': PermissionDenied,
                    'Duplicate clOrdID': InvalidOrder,
                    'orderQty is invalid': InvalidOrder,
                    'Invalid price': InvalidOrder,
                    'Invalid stopPx for ordType': InvalidOrder,
                    'Account is restricted': PermissionDenied,  # {"error":{"message":"Account is restricted","name":"HTTPError"}}
                },
                'broad': {
                    'Signature not valid': AuthenticationError,
                    'overloaded': ExchangeNotAvailable,
                    'Account has insufficient Available Balance': InsufficientFunds,
                    'Service unavailable': ExchangeNotAvailable,  # {"error":{"message":"Service unavailable","name":"HTTPError"}}
                    'Server Error': ExchangeError,  # {"error":{"message":"Server Error","name":"HTTPError"}}
                    'Unable to cancel order due to existing state': InvalidOrder,
                    'We require all new traders to verify': PermissionDenied,  # {"message":"We require all new traders to verify their identity before their first deposit. Please visit bitmex.com/verify to complete the process.","name":"HTTPError"}
                },
            },
            'precisionMode': TICK_SIZE,
            'options': {
                # https://blog.bitmex.com/api_announcement/deprecation-of-api-nonce-header/
                # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/4789
                'api-expires': 5,  # in seconds
                'fetchOHLCVOpenTimestamp': True,
                'oldPrecision': False,
                'networks': {
                    'BTC': 'btc',
                    'ERC20': 'eth',
                    'BEP20': 'bsc',
                    'TRC20': 'tron',
                    'AVAXC': 'avax',
                    'NEAR': 'near',
                    'XTZ': 'xtz',
                    'DOT': 'dot',
                    'SOL': 'sol',
                    'ADA': 'ada',
                },
            },
            'features': {
                'default': {
                    'sandbox': True,
                    'createOrder': {
                        'marginMode': True,
                        'triggerPrice': True,
                        'triggerPriceType': {
                            'last': True,
                            'mark': True,
                        },
                        'triggerDirection': True,
                        'stopLossPrice': False,
                        'takeProfitPrice': False,
                        'attachedStopLossTakeProfit': None,
                        'timeInForce': {
                            'IOC': True,
                            'FOK': True,
                            'PO': True,
                            'GTD': False,
                        },
                        'hedged': False,
                        'trailing': True,
                        'marketBuyRequiresPrice': False,
                        'marketBuyByCost': False,
                        # exchange-supported features
                        # 'selfTradePrevention': True,
                        # 'twap': False,
                        # 'iceberg': False,
                        # 'oco': False,
                    },
                    'createOrders': None,
                    'fetchMyTrades': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'limit': 500,
                        'daysBack': None,
                        'untilDays': 1000000,
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchOrder': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'trigger': False,
                        'trailing': False,
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchOpenOrders': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'limit': 500,
                        'trigger': False,
                        'trailing': False,
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchOrders': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'limit': 500,
                        'daysBack': None,
                        'untilDays': 1000000,
                        'trigger': False,
                        'trailing': False,
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchClosedOrders': {
                        'marginMode': False,
                        'limit': 500,
                        'daysBack': None,
                        'daysBackCanceled': None,
                        'untilDays': 1000000,
                        'trigger': False,
                        'trailing': False,
                        'symbolRequired': False,
                    },
                    'fetchOHLCV': {
                        'limit': 10000,
                    },
                },
                'spot': {
                    'extends': 'default',
                    'createOrder': {
                        'triggerPriceType': {
                            'index': False,
                        },
                    },
                },
                'derivatives': {
                    'extends': 'default',
                    'createOrder': {
                        'triggerPriceType': {
                            'index': True,
                        },
                    },
                },
                'swap': {
                    'linear': {
                        'extends': 'derivatives',
                    },
                    'inverse': {
                        'extends': 'derivatives',
                    },
                },
                'future': {
                    'linear': {
                        'extends': 'derivatives',
                    },
                    'inverse': {
                        'extends': 'derivatives',
                    },
                },
            },
            'commonCurrencies': {
                'USDt': 'USDT',
                'XBt': 'BTC',
                'XBT': 'BTC',
                'Gwei': 'ETH',
                'GWEI': 'ETH',
                'LAMP': 'SOL',
                'LAMp': 'SOL',
            },
        })

    def fetch_currencies(self, params={}) -> Currencies:
        """
        fetches all available currencies on an exchange

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Wallet/Wallet_getAssetsConfig

        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: an associative dictionary of currencies
        """
        response = self.publicGetWalletAssets(params)
        #
        #    {
        #        "XBt": {
        #            "asset": "XBT",
        #            "currency": "XBt",
        #            "majorCurrency": "XBT",
        #            "name": "Bitcoin",
        #            "currencyType": "Crypto",
        #            "scale": "8",
        #            # "mediumPrecision": "8",
        #            # "shorterPrecision": "4",
        #            # "symbol": "₿",
        #            # "weight": "1",
        #            # "tickLog": "0",
        #            "enabled": True,
        #            "isMarginCurrency": True,
        #            "minDepositAmount": "10000",
        #            "minWithdrawalAmount": "1000",
        #            "maxWithdrawalAmount": "100000000000000",
        #            "networks": [
        #                {
        #                    "asset": "btc",
        #                    "tokenAddress": "",
        #                    "depositEnabled": True,
        #                    "withdrawalEnabled": True,
        #                    "withdrawalFee": "20000",
        #                    "minFee": "20000",
        #                    "maxFee": "10000000"
        #                }
        #            ]
        #        },
        #     }
        #
        result: dict = {}
        for i in range(0, len(response)):
            currency = response[i]
            asset = self.safe_string(currency, 'asset')
            code = self.safe_currency_code(asset)
            id = self.safe_string(currency, 'currency')
            name = self.safe_string(currency, 'name')
            chains = self.safe_value(currency, 'networks', [])
            depositEnabled = False
            withdrawEnabled = False
            networks: dict = {}
            scale = self.safe_string(currency, 'scale')
            precisionString = self.parse_precision(scale)
            precision = self.parse_number(precisionString)
            for j in range(0, len(chains)):
                chain = chains[j]
                networkId = self.safe_string(chain, 'asset')
                network = self.network_id_to_code(networkId)
                withdrawalFeeRaw = self.safe_string(chain, 'withdrawalFee')
                withdrawalFee = self.parse_number(Precise.string_mul(withdrawalFeeRaw, precisionString))
                isDepositEnabled = self.safe_bool(chain, 'depositEnabled', False)
                isWithdrawEnabled = self.safe_bool(chain, 'withdrawalEnabled', False)
                active = (isDepositEnabled and isWithdrawEnabled)
                if isDepositEnabled:
                    depositEnabled = True
                if isWithdrawEnabled:
                    withdrawEnabled = True
                networks[network] = {
                    'info': chain,
                    'id': networkId,
                    'network': network,
                    'active': active,
                    'deposit': isDepositEnabled,
                    'withdraw': isWithdrawEnabled,
                    'fee': withdrawalFee,
                    'precision': None,
                    'limits': {
                        'withdraw': {
                            'min': None,
                            'max': None,
                        },
                        'deposit': {
                            'min': None,
                            'max': None,
                        },
                    },
                }
            currencyEnabled = self.safe_value(currency, 'enabled')
            currencyActive = currencyEnabled or (depositEnabled or withdrawEnabled)
            minWithdrawalString = self.safe_string(currency, 'minWithdrawalAmount')
            minWithdrawal = self.parse_number(Precise.string_mul(minWithdrawalString, precisionString))
            maxWithdrawalString = self.safe_string(currency, 'maxWithdrawalAmount')
            maxWithdrawal = self.parse_number(Precise.string_mul(maxWithdrawalString, precisionString))
            minDepositString = self.safe_string(currency, 'minDepositAmount')
            minDeposit = self.parse_number(Precise.string_mul(minDepositString, precisionString))
            result[code] = {
                'id': id,
                'code': code,
                'info': currency,
                'name': name,
                'active': currencyActive,
                'deposit': depositEnabled,
                'withdraw': withdrawEnabled,
                'fee': None,
                'precision': precision,
                'limits': {
                    'amount': {
                        'min': None,
                        'max': None,
                    },
                    'withdraw': {
                        'min': minWithdrawal,
                        'max': maxWithdrawal,
                    },
                    'deposit': {
                        'min': minDeposit,
                        'max': None,
                    },
                },
                'networks': networks,
            }
        return result

    def convert_from_real_amount(self, code, amount):
        currency = self.currency(code)
        precision = self.safe_string(currency, 'precision')
        amountString = self.number_to_string(amount)
        finalAmount = Precise.string_div(amountString, precision)
        return self.parse_number(finalAmount)

    def convert_to_real_amount(self, code: Str, amount: Str):
        if code is None:
            return amount
        elif amount is None:
            return None
        currency = self.currency(code)
        precision = self.safe_string(currency, 'precision')
        return Precise.string_mul(amount, precision)

    def amount_to_precision(self, symbol, amount):
        symbol = self.safe_symbol(symbol)
        market = self.market(symbol)
        oldPrecision = self.safe_value(self.options, 'oldPrecision')
        if market['spot'] and not oldPrecision:
            amount = self.convert_from_real_amount(market['base'], amount)
        return super(bitmex, self).amount_to_precision(symbol, amount)

    def convert_from_raw_quantity(self, symbol, rawQuantity, currencySide='base'):
        if self.safe_value(self.options, 'oldPrecision'):
            return self.parse_number(rawQuantity)
        symbol = self.safe_symbol(symbol)
        marketExists = self.in_array(symbol, self.symbols)
        if not marketExists:
            return self.parse_number(rawQuantity)
        market = self.market(symbol)
        if market['spot']:
            return self.parse_number(self.convert_to_real_amount(market[currencySide], rawQuantity))
        return self.parse_number(rawQuantity)

    def convert_from_raw_cost(self, symbol, rawQuantity):
        return self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, rawQuantity, 'quote')

    def fetch_markets(self, params={}) -> List[Market]:
        """
        retrieves data on all markets for bitmex

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Instrument/Instrument_getActive

        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: an array of objects representing market data
        """
        response = self.publicGetInstrumentActive(params)
        #
        #  [
        #    {
        #        "symbol": "LTCUSDT",
        #        "rootSymbol": "LTC",
        #        "state": "Open",
        #        "typ": "FFWCSX",
        #        "listing": "2021-11-10T04:00:00.000Z",
        #        "front": "2021-11-10T04:00:00.000Z",
        #        "expiry": null,
        #        "settle": null,
        #        "listedSettle": null,
        #        "relistInterval": null,
        #        "inverseLeg": "",
        #        "sellLeg": "",
        #        "buyLeg": "",
        #        "optionStrikePcnt": null,
        #        "optionStrikeRound": null,
        #        "optionStrikePrice": null,
        #        "optionMultiplier": null,
        #        "positionCurrency": "LTC",  # can be empty for spot markets
        #        "underlying": "LTC",
        #        "quoteCurrency": "USDT",
        #        "underlyingSymbol": "LTCT=",  # can be empty for spot markets
        #        "reference": "BMEX",
        #        "referenceSymbol": ".BLTCT",  # can be empty for spot markets
        #        "calcInterval": null,
        #        "publishInterval": null,
        #        "publishTime": null,
        #        "maxOrderQty": 1000000000,
        #        "maxPrice": 1000000,
        #        "lotSize": 1000,
        #        "tickSize": 0.01,
        #        "multiplier": 100,
        #        "settlCurrency": "USDt",  # can be empty for spot markets
        #        "underlyingToPositionMultiplier": 10000,
        #        "underlyingToSettleMultiplier": null,
        #        "quoteToSettleMultiplier": 1000000,
        #        "isQuanto": False,
        #        "isInverse": False,
        #        "initMargin": 0.03,
        #        "maintMargin": 0.015,
        #        "riskLimit": 1000000000000,  # can be null for spot markets
        #        "riskStep": 1000000000000,  # can be null for spot markets
        #        "limit": null,
        #        "capped": False,
        #        "taxed": True,
        #        "deleverage": True,
        #        "makerFee": -0.0001,
        #        "takerFee": 0.0005,
        #        "settlementFee": 0,
        #        "insuranceFee": 0,
        #        "fundingBaseSymbol": ".LTCBON8H",  # can be empty for spot markets
        #        "fundingQuoteSymbol": ".USDTBON8H",  # can be empty for spot markets
        #        "fundingPremiumSymbol": ".LTCUSDTPI8H",  # can be empty for spot markets
        #        "fundingTimestamp": "2022-01-14T20:00:00.000Z",
        #        "fundingInterval": "2000-01-01T08:00:00.000Z",
        #        "fundingRate": 0.0001,
        #        "indicativeFundingRate": 0.0001,
        #        "rebalanceTimestamp": null,
        #        "rebalanceInterval": null,
        #        "openingTimestamp": "2022-01-14T17:00:00.000Z",
        #        "closingTimestamp": "2022-01-14T18:00:00.000Z",
        #        "sessionInterval": "2000-01-01T01:00:00.000Z",
        #        "prevClosePrice": 138.511,
        #        "limitDownPrice": null,
        #        "limitUpPrice": null,
        #        "bankruptLimitDownPrice": null,
        #        "bankruptLimitUpPrice": null,
        #        "prevTotalVolume": 12699024000,
        #        "totalVolume": 12702160000,
        #        "volume": 3136000,
        #        "volume24h": 114251000,
        #        "prevTotalTurnover": 232418052349000,
        #        "totalTurnover": 232463353260000,
        #        "turnover": 45300911000,
        #        "turnover24h": 1604331340000,
        #        "homeNotional24h": 11425.1,
        #        "foreignNotional24h": 1604331.3400000003,
        #        "prevPrice24h": 135.48,
        #        "vwap": 140.42165,
        #        "highPrice": 146.42,
        #        "lowPrice": 135.08,
        #        "lastPrice": 144.36,
        #        "lastPriceProtected": 144.36,
        #        "lastTickDirection": "MinusTick",
        #        "lastChangePcnt": 0.0655,
        #        "bidPrice": 143.75,
        #        "midPrice": 143.855,
        #        "askPrice": 143.96,
        #        "impactBidPrice": 143.75,
        #        "impactMidPrice": 143.855,
        #        "impactAskPrice": 143.96,
        #        "hasLiquidity": True,
        #        "openInterest": 38103000,
        #        "openValue": 547963053300,
        #        "fairMethod": "FundingRate",
        #        "fairBasisRate": 0.1095,
        #        "fairBasis": 0.004,
        #        "fairPrice": 143.811,
        #        "markMethod": "FairPrice",
        #        "markPrice": 143.811,
        #        "indicativeTaxRate": null,
        #        "indicativeSettlePrice": 143.807,
        #        "optionUnderlyingPrice": null,
        #        "settledPriceAdjustmentRate": null,
        #        "settledPrice": null,
        #        "timestamp": "2022-01-14T17:49:55.000Z"
        #    }
        #  ]
        #
        return self.parse_markets(response)

    def parse_market(self, market: dict) -> Market:
        id = self.safe_string(market, 'symbol')
        baseId = self.safe_string(market, 'underlying')
        quoteId = self.safe_string(market, 'quoteCurrency')
        settleId = self.safe_string(market, 'settlCurrency')
        settle = self.safe_currency_code(settleId)
        # 'positionCurrency' may be empty("", currently returns for ETHUSD)
        # so let's take the settlCurrency first and then adjust if needed
        typ = self.safe_string(market, 'typ')  # type definitions at: https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Instrument/Instrument_get
        type: MarketType
        swap = False
        spot = False
        future = False
        if typ == 'FFWCSX':
            type = 'swap'
            swap = True
        elif typ == 'IFXXXP':
            type = 'spot'
            spot = True
        elif typ == 'FFCCSX':
            type = 'future'
            future = True
        elif typ == 'FFICSX':
            # prediction markets(without any volume)
            quoteId = baseId
            baseId = self.safe_string(market, 'rootSymbol')
            type = 'future'
            future = True
        base = self.safe_currency_code(baseId)
        quote = self.safe_currency_code(quoteId)
        contract = swap or future
        contractSize = None
        isInverse = self.safe_value(market, 'isInverse')  # self is True when BASE and SETTLE are same, i.e. BTC/XXX:BTC
        isQuanto = self.safe_value(market, 'isQuanto')  # self is True when BASE and SETTLE are different, i.e. AXS/XXX:BTC
        linear = (not isInverse and not isQuanto) if contract else None
        status = self.safe_string(market, 'state')
        active = status == 'Open'  # Open, Settled, Unlisted
        expiry = None
        expiryDatetime = None
        symbol = None
        if spot:
            symbol = base + '/' + quote
        elif contract:
            symbol = base + '/' + quote + ':' + settle
            if linear:
                multiplierString = self.safe_string_2(market, 'underlyingToPositionMultiplier', 'underlyingToSettleMultiplier')
                contractSize = self.parse_number(Precise.string_div('1', multiplierString))
            else:
                multiplierString = Precise.string_abs(self.safe_string(market, 'multiplier'))
                contractSize = self.parse_number(multiplierString)
            expiryDatetime = self.safe_string(market, 'expiry')
            expiry = self.parse8601(expiryDatetime)
            if expiry is not None:
                symbol = symbol + '-' + self.yymmdd(expiry)
        else:
            # for index/exotic markets, default to id
            symbol = id
        positionId = self.safe_string_2(market, 'positionCurrency', 'underlying')
        position = self.safe_currency_code(positionId)
        positionIsQuote = (position == quote)
        maxOrderQty = self.safe_number(market, 'maxOrderQty')
        initMargin = self.safe_string(market, 'initMargin', '1')
        maxLeverage = self.parse_number(Precise.string_div('1', initMargin))
        return {
            'id': id,
            'symbol': symbol,
            'base': base,
            'quote': quote,
            'settle': settle,
            'baseId': baseId,
            'quoteId': quoteId,
            'settleId': settleId,
            'type': type,
            'spot': spot,
            'margin': False,
            'swap': swap,
            'future': future,
            'option': False,
            'active': active,
            'contract': contract,
            'linear': linear,
            'inverse': isInverse,
            'quanto': isQuanto,
            'taker': self.safe_number(market, 'takerFee'),
            'maker': self.safe_number(market, 'makerFee'),
            'contractSize': contractSize,
            'expiry': expiry,
            'expiryDatetime': expiryDatetime,
            'strike': self.safe_number(market, 'optionStrikePrice'),
            'optionType': None,
            'precision': {
                'amount': self.safe_number(market, 'lotSize'),
                'price': self.safe_number(market, 'tickSize'),
            },
            'limits': {
                'leverage': {
                    'min': self.parse_number('1') if contract else None,
                    'max': maxLeverage if contract else None,
                },
                'amount': {
                    'min': None,
                    'max': None if positionIsQuote else maxOrderQty,
                },
                'price': {
                    'min': None,
                    'max': self.safe_number(market, 'maxPrice'),
                },
                'cost': {
                    'min': None,
                    'max': maxOrderQty if positionIsQuote else None,
                },
            },
            'created': self.parse8601(self.safe_string(market, 'listing')),
            'info': market,
        }

    def parse_balance(self, response) -> Balances:
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "account":1455728,
        #             "currency":"XBt",
        #             "riskLimit":1000000000000,
        #             "prevState":"",
        #             "state":"",
        #             "action":"",
        #             "amount":263542,
        #             "pendingCredit":0,
        #             "pendingDebit":0,
        #             "confirmedDebit":0,
        #             "prevRealisedPnl":0,
        #             "prevUnrealisedPnl":0,
        #             "grossComm":0,
        #             "grossOpenCost":0,
        #             "grossOpenPremium":0,
        #             "grossExecCost":0,
        #             "grossMarkValue":0,
        #             "riskValue":0,
        #             "taxableMargin":0,
        #             "initMargin":0,
        #             "maintMargin":0,
        #             "sessionMargin":0,
        #             "targetExcessMargin":0,
        #             "varMargin":0,
        #             "realisedPnl":0,
        #             "unrealisedPnl":0,
        #             "indicativeTax":0,
        #             "unrealisedProfit":0,
        #             "syntheticMargin":null,
        #             "walletBalance":263542,
        #             "marginBalance":263542,
        #             "marginBalancePcnt":1,
        #             "marginLeverage":0,
        #             "marginUsedPcnt":0,
        #             "excessMargin":263542,
        #             "excessMarginPcnt":1,
        #             "availableMargin":263542,
        #             "withdrawableMargin":263542,
        #             "timestamp":"2020-08-03T12:01:01.246Z",
        #             "grossLastValue":0,
        #             "commission":null
        #         }
        #     ]
        #
        result: dict = {'info': response}
        for i in range(0, len(response)):
            balance = response[i]
            currencyId = self.safe_string(balance, 'currency')
            code = self.safe_currency_code(currencyId)
            account = self.account()
            free = self.safe_string(balance, 'availableMargin')
            total = self.safe_string(balance, 'marginBalance')
            account['free'] = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, free)
            account['total'] = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, total)
            result[code] = account
        return self.safe_balance(result)

    def fetch_balance(self, params={}) -> Balances:
        """
        query for balance and get the amount of funds available for trading or funds locked in orders

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /User/User_getMargin

        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `balance structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=balance-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {
            'currency': 'all',
        }
        response = self.privateGetUserMargin(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "account":1455728,
        #             "currency":"XBt",
        #             "riskLimit":1000000000000,
        #             "prevState":"",
        #             "state":"",
        #             "action":"",
        #             "amount":263542,
        #             "pendingCredit":0,
        #             "pendingDebit":0,
        #             "confirmedDebit":0,
        #             "prevRealisedPnl":0,
        #             "prevUnrealisedPnl":0,
        #             "grossComm":0,
        #             "grossOpenCost":0,
        #             "grossOpenPremium":0,
        #             "grossExecCost":0,
        #             "grossMarkValue":0,
        #             "riskValue":0,
        #             "taxableMargin":0,
        #             "initMargin":0,
        #             "maintMargin":0,
        #             "sessionMargin":0,
        #             "targetExcessMargin":0,
        #             "varMargin":0,
        #             "realisedPnl":0,
        #             "unrealisedPnl":0,
        #             "indicativeTax":0,
        #             "unrealisedProfit":0,
        #             "syntheticMargin":null,
        #             "walletBalance":263542,
        #             "marginBalance":263542,
        #             "marginBalancePcnt":1,
        #             "marginLeverage":0,
        #             "marginUsedPcnt":0,
        #             "excessMargin":263542,
        #             "excessMarginPcnt":1,
        #             "availableMargin":263542,
        #             "withdrawableMargin":263542,
        #             "timestamp":"2020-08-03T12:01:01.246Z",
        #             "grossLastValue":0,
        #             "commission":null
        #         }
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_balance(response)

    def fetch_order_book(self, symbol: str, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> OrderBook:
        """
        fetches information on open orders with bid(buy) and ask(sell) prices, volumes and other data

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /OrderBook/OrderBook_getL2

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch the order book for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of order book entries to return
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: A dictionary of `order book structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure>` indexed by market symbols
        """
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'symbol': market['id'],
        }
        if limit is not None:
            request['depth'] = limit
        response = self.publicGetOrderBookL2(self.extend(request, params))
        result: dict = {
            'symbol': symbol,
            'bids': [],
            'asks': [],
            'timestamp': None,
            'datetime': None,
            'nonce': None,
        }
        for i in range(0, len(response)):
            order = response[i]
            side = 'asks' if (order['side'] == 'Sell') else 'bids'
            amount = self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, self.safe_string(order, 'size'))
            price = self.safe_number(order, 'price')
            # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/4926
            # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/4927
            # the exchange sometimes returns null price in the orderbook
            if price is not None:
                resultSide = result[side]
                resultSide.append([price, amount])
        result['bids'] = self.sort_by(result['bids'], 0, True)
        result['asks'] = self.sort_by(result['asks'], 0)
        return result

    def fetch_order(self, id: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        fetches information on an order made by the user

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_getOrders

        :param str id: the order id
        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market the order was made in
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: An `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        filter: dict = {
            'filter': {
                'orderID': id,
            },
        }
        response = self.fetch_orders(symbol, None, None, self.deep_extend(filter, params))
        numResults = len(response)
        if numResults == 1:
            return response[0]
        raise OrderNotFound(self.id + ': The order ' + id + ' not found.')

    def fetch_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Order]:
        """

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_getOrders

        fetches information on multiple orders made by the user
        :param str symbol: unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of order structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param int [params.until]: the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
        :returns Order[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        paginate = False
        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchOrders', 'paginate')
        if paginate:
            return self.fetch_paginated_call_dynamic('fetchOrders', symbol, since, limit, params, 100)
        market = None
        request: dict = {}
        if symbol is not None:
            market = self.market(symbol)
            request['symbol'] = market['id']
        if since is not None:
            request['startTime'] = self.iso8601(since)
        if limit is not None:
            request['count'] = limit
        until = self.safe_integer_2(params, 'until', 'endTime')
        if until is not None:
            params = self.omit(params, ['until'])
            request['endTime'] = self.iso8601(until)
        request = self.deep_extend(request, params)
        # why the hassle? urlencode in python is kinda broken for nested dicts.
        # E.g. self.urlencode({"filter": {"open": True}}) will return "filter={'open':+True}"
        # Bitmex doesn't like that. Hence resorting to self hack.
        if 'filter' in request:
            request['filter'] = self.json(request['filter'])
        response = self.privateGetOrder(request)
        return self.parse_orders(response, market, since, limit)

    def fetch_open_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Order]:
        """
        fetch all unfilled currently open orders

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_getOrders

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch open orders for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of  open orders structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns Order[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        request: dict = {
            'filter': {
                'open': True,
            },
        }
        return self.fetch_orders(symbol, since, limit, self.deep_extend(request, params))

    def fetch_closed_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Order]:
        """
        fetches information on multiple closed orders made by the user

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_getOrders

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of order structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns Order[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        # Bitmex barfs if you set 'open': False in the filter...
        orders = self.fetch_orders(symbol, since, limit, params)
        return self.filter_by_array(orders, 'status', ['closed', 'canceled'], False)

    def fetch_my_trades(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
        """
        fetch all trades made by the user

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Execution/Execution_getTradeHistory

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch trades for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of trades structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
        :returns Trade[]: a list of `trade structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=trade-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        paginate = False
        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchMyTrades', 'paginate')
        if paginate:
            return self.fetch_paginated_call_dynamic('fetchMyTrades', symbol, since, limit, params, 100)
        market = None
        request: dict = {}
        if symbol is not None:
            market = self.market(symbol)
            request['symbol'] = market['id']
        if since is not None:
            request['startTime'] = self.iso8601(since)
        if limit is not None:
            request['count'] = min(500, limit)
        until = self.safe_integer_2(params, 'until', 'endTime')
        if until is not None:
            params = self.omit(params, ['until'])
            request['endTime'] = self.iso8601(until)
        request = self.deep_extend(request, params)
        # why the hassle? urlencode in python is kinda broken for nested dicts.
        # E.g. self.urlencode({"filter": {"open": True}}) will return "filter={'open':+True}"
        # Bitmex doesn't like that. Hence resorting to self hack.
        if 'filter' in request:
            request['filter'] = self.json(request['filter'])
        response = self.privateGetExecutionTradeHistory(request)
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "execID": "string",
        #             "orderID": "string",
        #             "clOrdID": "string",
        #             "clOrdLinkID": "string",
        #             "account": 0,
        #             "symbol": "string",
        #             "side": "string",
        #             "lastQty": 0,
        #             "lastPx": 0,
        #             "underlyingLastPx": 0,
        #             "lastMkt": "string",
        #             "lastLiquidityInd": "string",
        #             "simpleOrderQty": 0,
        #             "orderQty": 0,
        #             "price": 0,
        #             "displayQty": 0,
        #             "stopPx": 0,
        #             "pegOffsetValue": 0,
        #             "pegPriceType": "string",
        #             "currency": "string",
        #             "settlCurrency": "string",
        #             "execType": "string",
        #             "ordType": "string",
        #             "timeInForce": "string",
        #             "execInst": "string",
        #             "contingencyType": "string",
        #             "exDestination": "string",
        #             "ordStatus": "string",
        #             "triggered": "string",
        #             "workingIndicator": True,
        #             "ordRejReason": "string",
        #             "simpleLeavesQty": 0,
        #             "leavesQty": 0,
        #             "simpleCumQty": 0,
        #             "cumQty": 0,
        #             "avgPx": 0,
        #             "commission": 0,
        #             "tradePublishIndicator": "string",
        #             "multiLegReportingType": "string",
        #             "text": "string",
        #             "trdMatchID": "string",
        #             "execCost": 0,
        #             "execComm": 0,
        #             "homeNotional": 0,
        #             "foreignNotional": 0,
        #             "transactTime": "2019-03-05T12:47:02.762Z",
        #             "timestamp": "2019-03-05T12:47:02.762Z"
        #         }
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_trades(response, market, since, limit)

    def parse_ledger_entry_type(self, type):
        types: dict = {
            'Withdrawal': 'transaction',
            'RealisedPNL': 'margin',
            'UnrealisedPNL': 'margin',
            'Deposit': 'transaction',
            'Transfer': 'transfer',
            'AffiliatePayout': 'referral',
            'SpotTrade': 'trade',
        }
        return self.safe_string(types, type, type)

    def parse_ledger_entry(self, item: dict, currency: Currency = None) -> LedgerEntry:
        #
        #     {
        #         "transactID": "69573da3-7744-5467-3207-89fd6efe7a47",
        #         "account":  24321,
        #         "currency": "XBt",
        #         "transactType": "Withdrawal",  # "AffiliatePayout", "Transfer", "Deposit", "RealisedPNL", ...
        #         "amount":  -1000000,
        #         "fee":  300000,
        #         "transactStatus": "Completed",  # "Canceled", ...
        #         "address": "1Ex4fkF4NhQaQdRWNoYpqiPbDBbq18Kdd9",
        #         "tx": "3BMEX91ZhhKoWtsH9QRb5dNXnmnGpiEetA",
        #         "text": "",
        #         "transactTime": "2017-03-21T20:05:14.388Z",
        #         "walletBalance":  0,  # balance after
        #         "marginBalance":  null,
        #         "timestamp": "2017-03-22T13:09:23.514Z"
        #     }
        #
        # ButMEX returns the unrealized pnl from the wallet history endpoint.
        # The unrealized pnl transaction has an empty timestamp.
        # It is not related to historical pnl it has status set to "Pending".
        # Therefore it's not a part of the history at all.
        # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/6047
        #
        #     {
        #         "transactID":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
        #         "account":121210,
        #         "currency":"XBt",
        #         "transactType":"UnrealisedPNL",
        #         "amount":-5508,
        #         "fee":0,
        #         "transactStatus":"Pending",
        #         "address":"XBTUSD",
        #         "tx":"",
        #         "text":"",
        #         "transactTime":null,  # ←---------------------------- null
        #         "walletBalance":139198767,
        #         "marginBalance":139193259,
        #         "timestamp":null  # ←---------------------------- null
        #     }
        #
        id = self.safe_string(item, 'transactID')
        account = self.safe_string(item, 'account')
        referenceId = self.safe_string(item, 'tx')
        referenceAccount = None
        type = self.parse_ledger_entry_type(self.safe_string(item, 'transactType'))
        currencyId = self.safe_string(item, 'currency')
        code = self.safe_currency_code(currencyId, currency)
        currency = self.safe_currency(currencyId, currency)
        amountString = self.safe_string(item, 'amount')
        amount = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, amountString)
        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(item, 'transactTime'))
        if timestamp is None:
            # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/6047
            # set the timestamp to zero, 1970 Jan 1 00:00:00
            # for unrealized pnl and other transactions without a timestamp
            timestamp = 0  # see comments above
        fee = None
        feeCost = self.safe_string(item, 'fee')
        if feeCost is not None:
            feeCost = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, feeCost)
            fee = {
                'cost': self.parse_number(feeCost),
                'currency': code,
            }
        after = self.safe_string(item, 'walletBalance')
        if after is not None:
            after = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, after)
        before = self.parse_number(Precise.string_sub(self.number_to_string(after), self.number_to_string(amount)))
        direction = None
        if Precise.string_lt(amountString, '0'):
            direction = 'out'
            amount = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, Precise.string_abs(amountString))
        else:
            direction = 'in'
        status = self.parse_transaction_status(self.safe_string(item, 'transactStatus'))
        return self.safe_ledger_entry({
            'info': item,
            'id': id,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'direction': direction,
            'account': account,
            'referenceId': referenceId,
            'referenceAccount': referenceAccount,
            'type': type,
            'currency': code,
            'amount': self.parse_number(amount),
            'before': before,
            'after': self.parse_number(after),
            'status': status,
            'fee': fee,
        }, currency)

    def fetch_ledger(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[LedgerEntry]:
        """
        fetch the history of changes, actions done by the user or operations that altered the balance of the user

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /User/User_getWalletHistory

        :param str [code]: unified currency code, default is None
        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest ledger entry, default is None
        :param int [limit]: max number of ledger entries to return, default is None
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `ledger structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ledger>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {
            # 'start': 123,
        }
        #
        #     if since is not None:
        #         # date-based pagination not supported
        #     }
        #
        if limit is not None:
            request['count'] = limit
        currency = None
        if code is not None:
            currency = self.currency(code)
            request['currency'] = currency['id']
        response = self.privateGetUserWalletHistory(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "transactID": "69573da3-7744-5467-3207-89fd6efe7a47",
        #             "account":  24321,
        #             "currency": "XBt",
        #             "transactType": "Withdrawal",  # "AffiliatePayout", "Transfer", "Deposit", "RealisedPNL", ...
        #             "amount":  -1000000,
        #             "fee":  300000,
        #             "transactStatus": "Completed",  # "Canceled", ...
        #             "address": "1Ex4fkF4NhQaQdRWNoYpqiPbDBbq18Kdd9",
        #             "tx": "3BMEX91ZhhKoWtsH9QRb5dNXnmnGpiEetA",
        #             "text": "",
        #             "transactTime": "2017-03-21T20:05:14.388Z",
        #             "walletBalance":  0,  # balance after
        #             "marginBalance":  null,
        #             "timestamp": "2017-03-22T13:09:23.514Z"
        #         }
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_ledger(response, currency, since, limit)

    def fetch_deposits_withdrawals(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Transaction]:
        """
        fetch history of deposits and withdrawals

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /User/User_getWalletHistory

        :param str [code]: unified currency code for the currency of the deposit/withdrawals, default is None
        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest deposit/withdrawal, default is None
        :param int [limit]: max number of deposit/withdrawals to return, default is None
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a list of `transaction structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {
            'currency': 'all',
            # 'start': 123,
        }
        #
        #     if since is not None:
        #         # date-based pagination not supported
        #     }
        #
        currency = None
        if code is not None:
            currency = self.currency(code)
            request['currency'] = currency['id']
        if limit is not None:
            request['count'] = limit
        response = self.privateGetUserWalletHistory(self.extend(request, params))
        transactions = self.filter_by_array(response, 'transactType', ['Withdrawal', 'Deposit'], False)
        return self.parse_transactions(transactions, currency, since, limit)

    def parse_transaction_status(self, status: Str):
        statuses: dict = {
            'Confirmed': 'pending',
            'Canceled': 'canceled',
            'Completed': 'ok',
            'Pending': 'pending',
        }
        return self.safe_string(statuses, status, status)

    def parse_transaction(self, transaction: dict, currency: Currency = None) -> Transaction:
        #
        #    {
        #        "transactID": "ffe699c2-95ee-4c13-91f9-0faf41daec25",
        #        "account": 123456,
        #        "currency": "XBt",
        #        "network":'',  # "tron" for USDt, etc...
        #        "transactType": "Withdrawal",
        #        "amount": -100100000,
        #        "fee": 100000,
        #        "transactStatus": "Completed",
        #        "address": "385cR5DM96n1HvBDMzLHPYcw89fZAXULJP",
        #        "tx": "3BMEXabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123",
        #        "text": '',
        #        "transactTime": "2019-01-02T01:00:00.000Z",
        #        "walletBalance": 99900000,  # self field might be inexistent
        #        "marginBalance": None,  # self field might be inexistent
        #        "timestamp": "2019-01-02T13:00:00.000Z"
        #    }
        #
        currencyId = self.safe_string(transaction, 'currency')
        currency = self.safe_currency(currencyId, currency)
        # For deposits, transactTime == timestamp
        # For withdrawals, transactTime is submission, timestamp is processed
        transactTime = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(transaction, 'transactTime'))
        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(transaction, 'timestamp'))
        type = self.safe_string_lower(transaction, 'transactType')
        # Deposits have no from address or to address, withdrawals have both
        address = None
        addressFrom = None
        addressTo = None
        if type == 'withdrawal':
            address = self.safe_string(transaction, 'address')
            addressFrom = self.safe_string(transaction, 'tx')
            addressTo = address
        elif type == 'deposit':
            addressTo = self.safe_string(transaction, 'address')
            addressFrom = self.safe_string(transaction, 'tx')
        amountString = self.safe_string(transaction, 'amount')
        amountStringAbs = Precise.string_abs(amountString)
        amount = self.convert_to_real_amount(currency['code'], amountStringAbs)
        feeCostString = self.safe_string(transaction, 'fee')
        feeCost = self.convert_to_real_amount(currency['code'], feeCostString)
        status = self.safe_string(transaction, 'transactStatus')
        if status is not None:
            status = self.parse_transaction_status(status)
        return {
            'info': transaction,
            'id': self.safe_string(transaction, 'transactID'),
            'txid': self.safe_string(transaction, 'tx'),
            'type': type,
            'currency': currency['code'],
            'network': self.network_id_to_code(self.safe_string(transaction, 'network'), currency['code']),
            'amount': self.parse_number(amount),
            'status': status,
            'timestamp': transactTime,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(transactTime),
            'address': address,
            'addressFrom': addressFrom,
            'addressTo': addressTo,
            'tag': None,
            'tagFrom': None,
            'tagTo': None,
            'updated': timestamp,
            'internal': None,
            'comment': None,
            'fee': {
                'currency': currency['code'],
                'cost': self.parse_number(feeCost),
                'rate': None,
            },
        }

    def fetch_ticker(self, symbol: str, params={}) -> Ticker:
        """
        fetches a price ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for a specific market

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Instrument/Instrument_get

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `ticker structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'symbol': market['id'],
        }
        response = self.publicGetInstrument(self.extend(request, params))
        ticker = self.safe_value(response, 0)
        if ticker is None:
            raise BadSymbol(self.id + ' fetchTicker() symbol ' + symbol + ' not found')
        return self.parse_ticker(ticker, market)

    def fetch_tickers(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}) -> Tickers:
        """
        fetches price tickers for multiple markets, statistical information calculated over the past 24 hours for each market

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Instrument/Instrument_getActiveAndIndices

        :param str[]|None symbols: unified symbols of the markets to fetch the ticker for, all market tickers are returned if not assigned
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a dictionary of `ticker structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        symbols = self.market_symbols(symbols)
        response = self.publicGetInstrumentActiveAndIndices(params)
        # same response "fetchMarkets"
        result: dict = {}
        for i in range(0, len(response)):
            ticker = self.parse_ticker(response[i])
            symbol = self.safe_string(ticker, 'symbol')
            if symbol is not None:
                result[symbol] = ticker
        return self.filter_by_array_tickers(result, 'symbol', symbols)

    def parse_ticker(self, ticker: dict, market: Market = None) -> Ticker:
        # see response sample under "fetchMarkets" because same endpoint is being used here
        marketId = self.safe_string(ticker, 'symbol')
        symbol = self.safe_symbol(marketId, market)
        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(ticker, 'timestamp'))
        open = self.safe_string(ticker, 'prevPrice24h')
        last = self.safe_string(ticker, 'lastPrice')
        return self.safe_ticker({
            'symbol': symbol,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'high': self.safe_string(ticker, 'highPrice'),
            'low': self.safe_string(ticker, 'lowPrice'),
            'bid': self.safe_string(ticker, 'bidPrice'),
            'bidVolume': None,
            'ask': self.safe_string(ticker, 'askPrice'),
            'askVolume': None,
            'vwap': self.safe_string(ticker, 'vwap'),
            'open': open,
            'close': last,
            'last': last,
            'previousClose': None,
            'change': None,
            'percentage': None,
            'average': None,
            'baseVolume': self.safe_string(ticker, 'homeNotional24h'),
            'quoteVolume': self.safe_string(ticker, 'foreignNotional24h'),
            'markPrice': self.safe_string(ticker, 'markPrice'),
            'info': ticker,
        }, market)

    def parse_ohlcv(self, ohlcv, market: Market = None) -> list:
        #
        #     {
        #         "timestamp":"2015-09-25T13:38:00.000Z",
        #         "symbol":"XBTUSD",
        #         "open":237.45,
        #         "high":237.45,
        #         "low":237.45,
        #         "close":237.45,
        #         "trades":0,
        #         "volume":0,
        #         "vwap":null,
        #         "lastSize":null,
        #         "turnover":0,
        #         "homeNotional":0,
        #         "foreignNotional":0
        #     }
        #
        marketId = self.safe_string(ohlcv, 'symbol')
        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
        volume = self.convert_from_raw_quantity(market['symbol'], self.safe_string(ohlcv, 'volume'))
        return [
            self.parse8601(self.safe_string(ohlcv, 'timestamp')),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'open'),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'high'),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'low'),
            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'close'),
            volume,
        ]

    def fetch_ohlcv(self, symbol: str, timeframe='1m', since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[list]:
        """
        fetches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a market

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Trade/Trade_getBucketed

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch OHLCV data for
        :param str timeframe: the length of time each candle represents
        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest candle to fetch
        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of candles to fetch
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
        :returns int[][]: A list of candles ordered, open, high, low, close, volume
        """
        self.load_markets()
        paginate = False
        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchOHLCV', 'paginate')
        if paginate:
            return self.fetch_paginated_call_deterministic('fetchOHLCV', symbol, since, limit, timeframe, params)
        # send JSON key/value pairs, such as {"key": "value"}
        # filter by individual fields and do advanced queries on timestamps
        # filter: Dict = {'key': 'value'}
        # send a bare series(e.g. XBU) to nearest expiring contract in that series
        # you can also send a timeframe, e.g. XBU:monthly
        # timeframes: daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and biquarterly
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'symbol': market['id'],
            'binSize': self.safe_string(self.timeframes, timeframe, timeframe),
            'partial': True,     # True == include yet-incomplete current bins
            # 'filter': filter,  # filter by individual fields and do advanced queries
            # 'columns': [],    # will return all columns if omitted
            # 'start': 0,       # starting point for results(wtf?)
            # 'reverse': False,  # True == newest first
            # 'endTime': '',    # ending date filter for results
        }
        if limit is not None:
            request['count'] = limit  # default 100, max 500
        until = self.safe_integer(params, 'until')
        if until is not None:
            params = self.omit(params, ['until'])
            request['endTime'] = self.iso8601(until)
        duration = self.parse_timeframe(timeframe) * 1000
        fetchOHLCVOpenTimestamp = self.safe_bool(self.options, 'fetchOHLCVOpenTimestamp', True)
        # if since is not set, they will return candles starting from 2017-01-01
        if since is not None:
            timestamp = since
            if fetchOHLCVOpenTimestamp:
                timestamp = self.sum(timestamp, duration)
            startTime = self.iso8601(timestamp)
            request['startTime'] = startTime  # starting date filter for results
        else:
            request['reverse'] = True
        response = self.publicGetTradeBucketed(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     [
        #         {"timestamp":"2015-09-25T13:38:00.000Z","symbol":"XBTUSD","open":237.45,"high":237.45,"low":237.45,"close":237.45,"trades":0,"volume":0,"vwap":null,"lastSize":null,"turnover":0,"homeNotional":0,"foreignNotional":0},
        #         {"timestamp":"2015-09-25T13:39:00.000Z","symbol":"XBTUSD","open":237.45,"high":237.45,"low":237.45,"close":237.45,"trades":0,"volume":0,"vwap":null,"lastSize":null,"turnover":0,"homeNotional":0,"foreignNotional":0},
        #         {"timestamp":"2015-09-25T13:40:00.000Z","symbol":"XBTUSD","open":237.45,"high":237.45,"low":237.45,"close":237.45,"trades":0,"volume":0,"vwap":null,"lastSize":null,"turnover":0,"homeNotional":0,"foreignNotional":0}
        #     ]
        #
        result = self.parse_ohlcvs(response, market, timeframe, since, limit)
        if fetchOHLCVOpenTimestamp:
            # bitmex returns the candle's close timestamp - https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/4446
            # we can emulate the open timestamp by shifting all the timestamps one place
            # so the previous close becomes the current open, and we drop the first candle
            for i in range(0, len(result)):
                result[i][0] = result[i][0] - duration
        return result

    def parse_trade(self, trade: dict, market: Market = None) -> Trade:
        #
        # fetchTrades(public)
        #
        #     {
        #         "timestamp": "2018-08-28T00:00:02.735Z",
        #         "symbol": "XBTUSD",
        #         "side": "Buy",
        #         "size": 2000,
        #         "price": 6906.5,
        #         "tickDirection": "PlusTick",
        #         "trdMatchID": "b9a42432-0a46-6a2f-5ecc-c32e9ca4baf8",
        #         "grossValue": 28958000,
        #         "homeNotional": 0.28958,
        #         "foreignNotional": 2000
        #     }
        #
        # fetchMyTrades(private)
        #
        #     {
        #         "execID": "string",
        #         "orderID": "string",
        #         "clOrdID": "string",
        #         "clOrdLinkID": "string",
        #         "account": 0,
        #         "symbol": "string",
        #         "side": "string",
        #         "lastQty": 0,
        #         "lastPx": 0,
        #         "underlyingLastPx": 0,
        #         "lastMkt": "string",
        #         "lastLiquidityInd": "string",
        #         "simpleOrderQty": 0,
        #         "orderQty": 0,
        #         "price": 0,
        #         "displayQty": 0,
        #         "stopPx": 0,
        #         "pegOffsetValue": 0,
        #         "pegPriceType": "string",
        #         "currency": "string",
        #         "settlCurrency": "string",
        #         "execType": "string",
        #         "ordType": "string",
        #         "timeInForce": "string",
        #         "execInst": "string",
        #         "contingencyType": "string",
        #         "exDestination": "string",
        #         "ordStatus": "string",
        #         "triggered": "string",
        #         "workingIndicator": True,
        #         "ordRejReason": "string",
        #         "simpleLeavesQty": 0,
        #         "leavesQty": 0,
        #         "simpleCumQty": 0,
        #         "cumQty": 0,
        #         "avgPx": 0,
        #         "commission": 0,
        #         "tradePublishIndicator": "string",
        #         "multiLegReportingType": "string",
        #         "text": "string",
        #         "trdMatchID": "string",
        #         "execCost": 0,
        #         "execComm": 0,
        #         "homeNotional": 0,
        #         "foreignNotional": 0,
        #         "transactTime": "2019-03-05T12:47:02.762Z",
        #         "timestamp": "2019-03-05T12:47:02.762Z"
        #     }
        #
        marketId = self.safe_string(trade, 'symbol')
        symbol = self.safe_symbol(marketId, market)
        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(trade, 'timestamp'))
        priceString = self.safe_string_2(trade, 'avgPx', 'price')
        amountString = self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, self.safe_string_2(trade, 'size', 'lastQty'))
        execCost = self.number_to_string(self.convert_from_raw_cost(symbol, self.safe_string(trade, 'execCost')))
        id = self.safe_string(trade, 'trdMatchID')
        order = self.safe_string(trade, 'orderID')
        side = self.safe_string_lower(trade, 'side')
        # price * amount doesn't work for all symbols(e.g. XBT, ETH)
        fee = None
        feeCostString = self.number_to_string(self.convert_from_raw_cost(symbol, self.safe_string(trade, 'execComm')))
        if feeCostString is not None:
            currencyId = self.safe_string_2(trade, 'settlCurrency', 'currency')
            fee = {
                'cost': feeCostString,
                'currency': self.safe_currency_code(currencyId),
                'rate': self.safe_string(trade, 'commission'),
            }
        # Trade or Funding
        execType = self.safe_string(trade, 'execType')
        takerOrMaker = None
        if feeCostString is not None and execType == 'Trade':
            takerOrMaker = 'maker' if Precise.string_lt(feeCostString, '0') else 'taker'
        type = self.safe_string_lower(trade, 'ordType')
        return self.safe_trade({
            'info': trade,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'symbol': symbol,
            'id': id,
            'order': order,
            'type': type,
            'takerOrMaker': takerOrMaker,
            'side': side,
            'price': priceString,
            'cost': Precise.string_abs(execCost),
            'amount': amountString,
            'fee': fee,
        }, market)

    def parse_order_status(self, status: Str):
        statuses: dict = {
            'New': 'open',
            'PartiallyFilled': 'open',
            'Filled': 'closed',
            'DoneForDay': 'open',
            'Canceled': 'canceled',
            'PendingCancel': 'open',
            'PendingNew': 'open',
            'Rejected': 'rejected',
            'Expired': 'expired',
            'Stopped': 'open',
            'Untriggered': 'open',
            'Triggered': 'open',
        }
        return self.safe_string(statuses, status, status)

    def parse_time_in_force(self, timeInForce: Str):
        timeInForces: dict = {
            'Day': 'Day',
            'GoodTillCancel': 'GTC',
            'ImmediateOrCancel': 'IOC',
            'FillOrKill': 'FOK',
        }
        return self.safe_string(timeInForces, timeInForce, timeInForce)

    def parse_order(self, order: dict, market: Market = None) -> Order:
        #
        #     {
        #         "orderID":"56222c7a-9956-413a-82cf-99f4812c214b",
        #         "clOrdID":"",
        #         "clOrdLinkID":"",
        #         "account":1455728,
        #         "symbol":"XBTUSD",
        #         "side":"Sell",
        #         "simpleOrderQty":null,
        #         "orderQty":1,
        #         "price":40000,
        #         "displayQty":null,
        #         "stopPx":null,
        #         "pegOffsetValue":null,
        #         "pegPriceType":"",
        #         "currency":"USD",
        #         "settlCurrency":"XBt",
        #         "ordType":"Limit",
        #         "timeInForce":"GoodTillCancel",
        #         "execInst":"",
        #         "contingencyType":"",
        #         "exDestination":"XBME",
        #         "ordStatus":"New",
        #         "triggered":"",
        #         "workingIndicator":true,
        #         "ordRejReason":"",
        #         "simpleLeavesQty":null,
        #         "leavesQty":1,
        #         "simpleCumQty":null,
        #         "cumQty":0,
        #         "avgPx":null,
        #         "multiLegReportingType":"SingleSecurity",
        #         "text":"Submitted via API.",
        #         "transactTime":"2021-01-02T21:38:49.246Z",
        #         "timestamp":"2021-01-02T21:38:49.246Z"
        #     }
        #
        marketId = self.safe_string(order, 'symbol')
        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
        symbol = market['symbol']
        qty = self.safe_string(order, 'orderQty')
        cost = None
        amount = None
        isInverse = False
        if marketId is None:
            defaultSubType = self.safe_string(self.options, 'defaultSubType', 'linear')
            isInverse = (defaultSubType == 'inverse')
        else:
            isInverse = self.safe_bool(market, 'inverse', False)
        if isInverse:
            cost = self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, qty)
        else:
            amount = self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, qty)
        average = self.safe_string(order, 'avgPx')
        filled = None
        cumQty = self.number_to_string(self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, self.safe_string(order, 'cumQty')))
        if isInverse:
            filled = Precise.string_div(cumQty, average)
        else:
            filled = cumQty
        execInst = self.safe_string(order, 'execInst')
        postOnly = None
        if execInst is not None:
            postOnly = (execInst == 'ParticipateDoNotInitiate')
        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(order, 'timestamp'))
        triggerPrice = self.safe_number(order, 'stopPx')
        remaining = self.safe_string(order, 'leavesQty')
        return self.safe_order({
            'info': order,
            'id': self.safe_string(order, 'orderID'),
            'clientOrderId': self.safe_string(order, 'clOrdID'),
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
            'lastTradeTimestamp': self.parse8601(self.safe_string(order, 'transactTime')),
            'symbol': symbol,
            'type': self.safe_string_lower(order, 'ordType'),
            'timeInForce': self.parse_time_in_force(self.safe_string(order, 'timeInForce')),
            'postOnly': postOnly,
            'side': self.safe_string_lower(order, 'side'),
            'price': self.safe_string(order, 'price'),
            'triggerPrice': triggerPrice,
            'amount': amount,
            'cost': cost,
            'average': average,
            'filled': filled,
            'remaining': self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, remaining),
            'status': self.parse_order_status(self.safe_string(order, 'ordStatus')),
            'fee': None,
            'trades': None,
        }, market)

    def fetch_trades(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Trade]:
        """
        get the list of most recent trades for a particular symbol

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Trade/Trade_get

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch trades for
        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest trade to fetch
        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of trades to fetch
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
        :returns Trade[]: a list of `trade structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=public-trades>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        paginate = False
        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchTrades', 'paginate')
        if paginate:
            return self.fetch_paginated_call_dynamic('fetchTrades', symbol, since, limit, params)
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'symbol': market['id'],
        }
        if since is not None:
            request['startTime'] = self.iso8601(since)
        else:
            # by default reverse=false, i.e. trades are fetched since the time of market inception(year 2015 for XBTUSD)
            request['reverse'] = True
        if limit is not None:
            request['count'] = min(limit, 1000)  # api maximum 1000
        until = self.safe_integer_2(params, 'until', 'endTime')
        if until is not None:
            params = self.omit(params, ['until'])
            request['endTime'] = self.iso8601(until)
        response = self.publicGetTrade(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "timestamp": "2018-08-28T00:00:02.735Z",
        #             "symbol": "XBTUSD",
        #             "side": "Buy",
        #             "size": 2000,
        #             "price": 6906.5,
        #             "tickDirection": "PlusTick",
        #             "trdMatchID": "b9a42432-0a46-6a2f-5ecc-c32e9ca4baf8",
        #             "grossValue": 28958000,
        #             "homeNotional": 0.28958,
        #             "foreignNotional": 2000
        #         },
        #         {
        #             "timestamp": "2018-08-28T00:00:03.778Z",
        #             "symbol": "XBTUSD",
        #             "side": "Sell",
        #             "size": 1000,
        #             "price": 6906,
        #             "tickDirection": "MinusTick",
        #             "trdMatchID": "0d4f1682-5270-a800-569b-4a0eb92db97c",
        #             "grossValue": 14480000,
        #             "homeNotional": 0.1448,
        #             "foreignNotional": 1000
        #         },
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_trades(response, market, since, limit)

    def create_order(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, params={}):
        """
        create a trade order

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_new

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to create an order in
        :param str type: 'market' or 'limit'
        :param str side: 'buy' or 'sell'
        :param float amount: how much of currency you want to trade in units of base currency
        :param float [price]: the price at which the order is to be fulfilled, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param dict [params.triggerPrice]: the price at which a trigger order is triggered at
        :param dict [params.triggerDirection]: the direction whenever the trigger happens with relation to price - 'above' or 'below'
        :param float [params.trailingAmount]: the quote amount to trail away from the current market price
        :returns dict: an `order structure <https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#order-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        orderType = self.capitalize(type)
        reduceOnly = self.safe_value(params, 'reduceOnly')
        if reduceOnly is not None:
            if (not market['swap']) and (not market['future']):
                raise InvalidOrder(self.id + ' createOrder() does not support reduceOnly for ' + market['type'] + ' orders, reduceOnly orders are supported for swap and future markets only')
        brokerId = self.safe_string(self.options, 'brokerId', 'CCXT')
        qty = self.parse_to_int(self.amount_to_precision(symbol, amount))
        request: dict = {
            'symbol': market['id'],
            'side': self.capitalize(side),
            'orderQty': qty,  # lot size multiplied by the number of contracts
            'ordType': orderType,
            'text': brokerId,
        }
        # support for unified trigger format
        triggerPrice = self.safe_number_n(params, ['triggerPrice', 'stopPx', 'stopPrice'])
        trailingAmount = self.safe_string_2(params, 'trailingAmount', 'pegOffsetValue')
        isTriggerOrder = triggerPrice is not None
        isTrailingAmountOrder = trailingAmount is not None
        if isTriggerOrder or isTrailingAmountOrder:
            triggerDirection = self.safe_string(params, 'triggerDirection')
            triggerAbove = (triggerDirection == 'above')
            if (type == 'limit') or (type == 'market'):
                self.check_required_argument('createOrder', triggerDirection, 'triggerDirection', ['above', 'below'])
            if type == 'limit':
                if side == 'buy':
                    orderType = 'StopLimit' if triggerAbove else 'LimitIfTouched'
                else:
                    orderType = 'LimitIfTouched' if triggerAbove else 'StopLimit'
            elif type == 'market':
                if side == 'buy':
                    orderType = 'Stop' if triggerAbove else 'MarketIfTouched'
                else:
                    orderType = 'MarketIfTouched' if triggerAbove else 'Stop'
            if isTrailingAmountOrder:
                isStopSellOrder = (side == 'sell') and ((orderType == 'Stop') or (orderType == 'StopLimit'))
                isBuyIfTouchedOrder = (side == 'buy') and ((orderType == 'MarketIfTouched') or (orderType == 'LimitIfTouched'))
                if isStopSellOrder or isBuyIfTouchedOrder:
                    trailingAmount = '-' + trailingAmount
                request['pegOffsetValue'] = self.parse_to_numeric(trailingAmount)
                request['pegPriceType'] = 'TrailingStopPeg'
            else:
                if triggerPrice is None:
                    # if exchange specific trigger types were provided
                    raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' createOrder() requires a triggerPrice parameter for the ' + orderType + ' order type')
                request['stopPx'] = self.parse_to_numeric(self.price_to_precision(symbol, triggerPrice))
            request['ordType'] = orderType
            params = self.omit(params, ['triggerPrice', 'stopPrice', 'stopPx', 'triggerDirection', 'trailingAmount'])
        if (orderType == 'Limit') or (orderType == 'StopLimit') or (orderType == 'LimitIfTouched'):
            request['price'] = self.parse_to_numeric(self.price_to_precision(symbol, price))
        clientOrderId = self.safe_string_2(params, 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId')
        if clientOrderId is not None:
            request['clOrdID'] = clientOrderId
            params = self.omit(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId'])
        response = self.privatePostOrder(self.extend(request, params))
        return self.parse_order(response, market)

    def edit_order(self, id: str, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: Num = None, price: Num = None, params={}):
        self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {}
        trailingAmount = self.safe_string_2(params, 'trailingAmount', 'pegOffsetValue')
        isTrailingAmountOrder = trailingAmount is not None
        if isTrailingAmountOrder:
            triggerDirection = self.safe_string(params, 'triggerDirection')
            triggerAbove = (triggerDirection == 'above')
            if (type == 'limit') or (type == 'market'):
                self.check_required_argument('createOrder', triggerDirection, 'triggerDirection', ['above', 'below'])
            orderType = None
            if type == 'limit':
                if side == 'buy':
                    orderType = 'StopLimit' if triggerAbove else 'LimitIfTouched'
                else:
                    orderType = 'LimitIfTouched' if triggerAbove else 'StopLimit'
            elif type == 'market':
                if side == 'buy':
                    orderType = 'Stop' if triggerAbove else 'MarketIfTouched'
                else:
                    orderType = 'MarketIfTouched' if triggerAbove else 'Stop'
            isStopSellOrder = (side == 'sell') and ((orderType == 'Stop') or (orderType == 'StopLimit'))
            isBuyIfTouchedOrder = (side == 'buy') and ((orderType == 'MarketIfTouched') or (orderType == 'LimitIfTouched'))
            if isStopSellOrder or isBuyIfTouchedOrder:
                trailingAmount = '-' + trailingAmount
            request['pegOffsetValue'] = self.parse_to_numeric(trailingAmount)
            params = self.omit(params, ['triggerDirection', 'trailingAmount'])
        origClOrdID = self.safe_string_2(params, 'origClOrdID', 'clientOrderId')
        if origClOrdID is not None:
            request['origClOrdID'] = origClOrdID
            clientOrderId = self.safe_string(params, 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId')
            if clientOrderId is not None:
                request['clOrdID'] = clientOrderId
            params = self.omit(params, ['origClOrdID', 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId'])
        else:
            request['orderID'] = id
        if amount is not None:
            qty = self.parse_to_int(self.amount_to_precision(symbol, amount))
            request['orderQty'] = qty
        if price is not None:
            request['price'] = price
        brokerId = self.safe_string(self.options, 'brokerId', 'CCXT')
        request['text'] = brokerId
        response = self.privatePutOrder(self.extend(request, params))
        return self.parse_order(response)

    def cancel_order(self, id: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        cancels an open order

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_cancel

        :param str id: order id
        :param str symbol: not used by bitmex cancelOrder()
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: An `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/6507
        clientOrderId = self.safe_value_2(params, 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId')
        request: dict = {}
        if clientOrderId is None:
            request['orderID'] = id
        else:
            request['clOrdID'] = clientOrderId
            params = self.omit(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId'])
        response = self.privateDeleteOrder(self.extend(request, params))
        order = self.safe_value(response, 0, {})
        error = self.safe_string(order, 'error')
        if error is not None:
            if error.find('Unable to cancel order due to existing state') >= 0:
                raise OrderNotFound(self.id + ' cancelOrder() failed: ' + error)
        return self.parse_order(order)

    def cancel_orders(self, ids, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        cancel multiple orders

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_cancel

        :param str[] ids: order ids
        :param str symbol: not used by bitmex cancelOrders()
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: an list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        # return self.cancel_order(ids, symbol, params)
        self.load_markets()
        # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/6507
        clientOrderId = self.safe_value_2(params, 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId')
        request: dict = {}
        if clientOrderId is None:
            request['orderID'] = ids
        else:
            request['clOrdID'] = clientOrderId
            params = self.omit(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId'])
        response = self.privateDeleteOrder(self.extend(request, params))
        return self.parse_orders(response)

    def cancel_all_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        cancel all open orders

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_cancelAll

        :param str symbol: unified market symbol, only orders in the market of self symbol are cancelled when symbol is not None
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {}
        market = None
        if symbol is not None:
            market = self.market(symbol)
            request['symbol'] = market['id']
        response = self.privateDeleteOrderAll(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "orderID": "string",
        #             "clOrdID": "string",
        #             "clOrdLinkID": "string",
        #             "account": 0,
        #             "symbol": "string",
        #             "side": "string",
        #             "simpleOrderQty": 0,
        #             "orderQty": 0,
        #             "price": 0,
        #             "displayQty": 0,
        #             "stopPx": 0,
        #             "pegOffsetValue": 0,
        #             "pegPriceType": "string",
        #             "currency": "string",
        #             "settlCurrency": "string",
        #             "ordType": "string",
        #             "timeInForce": "string",
        #             "execInst": "string",
        #             "contingencyType": "string",
        #             "exDestination": "string",
        #             "ordStatus": "string",
        #             "triggered": "string",
        #             "workingIndicator": True,
        #             "ordRejReason": "string",
        #             "simpleLeavesQty": 0,
        #             "leavesQty": 0,
        #             "simpleCumQty": 0,
        #             "cumQty": 0,
        #             "avgPx": 0,
        #             "multiLegReportingType": "string",
        #             "text": "string",
        #             "transactTime": "2020-06-01T09:36:35.290Z",
        #             "timestamp": "2020-06-01T09:36:35.290Z"
        #         }
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_orders(response, market)

    def cancel_all_orders_after(self, timeout: Int, params={}):
        """
        dead man's switch, cancel all orders after the given timeout

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_cancelAllAfter

        :param number timeout: time in milliseconds, 0 represents cancel the timer
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: the api result
        """
        self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {
            'timeout': self.parse_to_int(timeout / 1000) if (timeout > 0) else 0,
        }
        response = self.privatePostOrderCancelAllAfter(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         now: '2024-04-09T09:01:56.560Z',
        #         cancelTime: '2024-04-09T09:01:56.660Z'
        #     }
        #
        return response

    def fetch_leverages(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}) -> Leverages:
        """
        fetch the set leverage for all contract markets

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Position/Position_get

        :param str[] [symbols]: a list of unified market symbols
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a list of `leverage structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=leverage-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        leverages = self.fetch_positions(symbols, params)
        return self.parse_leverages(leverages, symbols, 'symbol')

    def parse_leverage(self, leverage: dict, market: Market = None) -> Leverage:
        marketId = self.safe_string(leverage, 'symbol')
        return {
            'info': leverage,
            'symbol': self.safe_symbol(marketId, market),
            'marginMode': self.safe_string_lower(leverage, 'marginMode'),
            'longLeverage': self.safe_integer(leverage, 'leverage'),
            'shortLeverage': self.safe_integer(leverage, 'leverage'),
        }

    def fetch_positions(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
        """
        fetch all open positions

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Position/Position_get

        :param str[]|None symbols: list of unified market symbols
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: a list of `position structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=position-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        response = self.privateGetPosition(params)
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "account": 0,
        #             "symbol": "string",
        #             "currency": "string",
        #             "underlying": "string",
        #             "quoteCurrency": "string",
        #             "commission": 0,
        #             "initMarginReq": 0,
        #             "maintMarginReq": 0,
        #             "riskLimit": 0,
        #             "leverage": 0,
        #             "crossMargin": True,
        #             "deleveragePercentile": 0,
        #             "rebalancedPnl": 0,
        #             "prevRealisedPnl": 0,
        #             "prevUnrealisedPnl": 0,
        #             "prevClosePrice": 0,
        #             "openingTimestamp": "2020-11-09T06:53:59.892Z",
        #             "openingQty": 0,
        #             "openingCost": 0,
        #             "openingComm": 0,
        #             "openOrderBuyQty": 0,
        #             "openOrderBuyCost": 0,
        #             "openOrderBuyPremium": 0,
        #             "openOrderSellQty": 0,
        #             "openOrderSellCost": 0,
        #             "openOrderSellPremium": 0,
        #             "execBuyQty": 0,
        #             "execBuyCost": 0,
        #             "execSellQty": 0,
        #             "execSellCost": 0,
        #             "execQty": 0,
        #             "execCost": 0,
        #             "execComm": 0,
        #             "currentTimestamp": "2020-11-09T06:53:59.893Z",
        #             "currentQty": 0,
        #             "currentCost": 0,
        #             "currentComm": 0,
        #             "realisedCost": 0,
        #             "unrealisedCost": 0,
        #             "grossOpenCost": 0,
        #             "grossOpenPremium": 0,
        #             "grossExecCost": 0,
        #             "isOpen": True,
        #             "markPrice": 0,
        #             "markValue": 0,
        #             "riskValue": 0,
        #             "homeNotional": 0,
        #             "foreignNotional": 0,
        #             "posState": "string",
        #             "posCost": 0,
        #             "posCost2": 0,
        #             "posCross": 0,
        #             "posInit": 0,
        #             "posComm": 0,
        #             "posLoss": 0,
        #             "posMargin": 0,
        #             "posMaint": 0,
        #             "posAllowance": 0,
        #             "taxableMargin": 0,
        #             "initMargin": 0,
        #             "maintMargin": 0,
        #             "sessionMargin": 0,
        #             "targetExcessMargin": 0,
        #             "varMargin": 0,
        #             "realisedGrossPnl": 0,
        #             "realisedTax": 0,
        #             "realisedPnl": 0,
        #             "unrealisedGrossPnl": 0,
        #             "longBankrupt": 0,
        #             "shortBankrupt": 0,
        #             "taxBase": 0,
        #             "indicativeTaxRate": 0,
        #             "indicativeTax": 0,
        #             "unrealisedTax": 0,
        #             "unrealisedPnl": 0,
        #             "unrealisedPnlPcnt": 0,
        #             "unrealisedRoePcnt": 0,
        #             "simpleQty": 0,
        #             "simpleCost": 0,
        #             "simpleValue": 0,
        #             "simplePnl": 0,
        #             "simplePnlPcnt": 0,
        #             "avgCostPrice": 0,
        #             "avgEntryPrice": 0,
        #             "breakEvenPrice": 0,
        #             "marginCallPrice": 0,
        #             "liquidationPrice": 0,
        #             "bankruptPrice": 0,
        #             "timestamp": "2020-11-09T06:53:59.894Z",
        #             "lastPrice": 0,
        #             "lastValue": 0
        #         }
        #     ]
        #
        results = self.parse_positions(response, symbols)
        return self.filter_by_array_positions(results, 'symbol', symbols, False)

    def parse_position(self, position: dict, market: Market = None):
        #
        #     {
        #         "account": 9371654,
        #         "symbol": "ETHUSDT",
        #         "currency": "USDt",
        #         "underlying": "ETH",
        #         "quoteCurrency": "USDT",
        #         "commission": 0.00075,
        #         "initMarginReq": 0.3333333333333333,
        #         "maintMarginReq": 0.01,
        #         "riskLimit": 1000000000000,
        #         "leverage": 3,
        #         "crossMargin": False,
        #         "deleveragePercentile": 1,
        #         "rebalancedPnl": 0,
        #         "prevRealisedPnl": 0,
        #         "prevUnrealisedPnl": 0,
        #         "prevClosePrice": 2053.738,
        #         "openingTimestamp": "2022-05-21T04:00:00.000Z",
        #         "openingQty": 0,
        #         "openingCost": 0,
        #         "openingComm": 0,
        #         "openOrderBuyQty": 0,
        #         "openOrderBuyCost": 0,
        #         "openOrderBuyPremium": 0,
        #         "openOrderSellQty": 0,
        #         "openOrderSellCost": 0,
        #         "openOrderSellPremium": 0,
        #         "execBuyQty": 2000,
        #         "execBuyCost": 39260000,
        #         "execSellQty": 0,
        #         "execSellCost": 0,
        #         "execQty": 2000,
        #         "execCost": 39260000,
        #         "execComm": 26500,
        #         "currentTimestamp": "2022-05-21T04:35:16.397Z",
        #         "currentQty": 2000,
        #         "currentCost": 39260000,
        #         "currentComm": 26500,
        #         "realisedCost": 0,
        #         "unrealisedCost": 39260000,
        #         "grossOpenCost": 0,
        #         "grossOpenPremium": 0,
        #         "grossExecCost": 39260000,
        #         "isOpen": True,
        #         "markPrice": 1964.195,
        #         "markValue": 39283900,
        #         "riskValue": 39283900,
        #         "homeNotional": 0.02,
        #         "foreignNotional": -39.2839,
        #         "posState": "",
        #         "posCost": 39260000,
        #         "posCost2": 39260000,
        #         "posCross": 0,
        #         "posInit": 13086667,
        #         "posComm": 39261,
        #         "posLoss": 0,
        #         "posMargin": 13125928,
        #         "posMaint": 435787,
        #         "posAllowance": 0,
        #         "taxableMargin": 0,
        #         "initMargin": 0,
        #         "maintMargin": 13149828,
        #         "sessionMargin": 0,
        #         "targetExcessMargin": 0,
        #         "varMargin": 0,
        #         "realisedGrossPnl": 0,
        #         "realisedTax": 0,
        #         "realisedPnl": -26500,
        #         "unrealisedGrossPnl": 23900,
        #         "longBankrupt": 0,
        #         "shortBankrupt": 0,
        #         "taxBase": 0,
        #         "indicativeTaxRate": null,
        #         "indicativeTax": 0,
        #         "unrealisedTax": 0,
        #         "unrealisedPnl": 23900,
        #         "unrealisedPnlPcnt": 0.0006,
        #         "unrealisedRoePcnt": 0.0018,
        #         "simpleQty": null,
        #         "simpleCost": null,
        #         "simpleValue": null,
        #         "simplePnl": null,
        #         "simplePnlPcnt": null,
        #         "avgCostPrice": 1963,
        #         "avgEntryPrice": 1963,
        #         "breakEvenPrice": 1964.35,
        #         "marginCallPrice": 1328.5,
        #         "liquidationPrice": 1328.5,
        #         "bankruptPrice": 1308.7,
        #         "timestamp": "2022-05-21T04:35:16.397Z",
        #         "lastPrice": 1964.195,
        #         "lastValue": 39283900
        #     }
        #
        market = self.safe_market(self.safe_string(position, 'symbol'), market)
        symbol = market['symbol']
        datetime = self.safe_string(position, 'timestamp')
        crossMargin = self.safe_value(position, 'crossMargin')
        marginMode = 'cross' if (crossMargin is True) else 'isolated'
        notionalString = Precise.string_abs(self.safe_string_2(position, 'foreignNotional', 'homeNotional'))
        settleCurrencyCode = self.safe_string(market, 'settle')
        maintenanceMargin = self.convert_to_real_amount(settleCurrencyCode, self.safe_string(position, 'maintMargin'))
        unrealisedPnl = self.convert_to_real_amount(settleCurrencyCode, self.safe_string(position, 'unrealisedPnl'))
        contracts = self.parse_number(Precise.string_abs(self.safe_string(position, 'currentQty')))
        contractSize = self.safe_number(market, 'contractSize')
        side = None
        homeNotional = self.safe_string(position, 'homeNotional')
        if homeNotional is not None:
            if homeNotional[0] == '-':
                side = 'short'
            else:
                side = 'long'
        return self.safe_position({
            'info': position,
            'id': self.safe_string(position, 'account'),
            'symbol': symbol,
            'timestamp': self.parse8601(datetime),
            'datetime': datetime,
            'lastUpdateTimestamp': None,
            'hedged': None,
            'side': side,
            'contracts': contracts,
            'contractSize': contractSize,
            'entryPrice': self.safe_number(position, 'avgEntryPrice'),
            'markPrice': self.safe_number(position, 'markPrice'),
            'lastPrice': None,
            'notional': self.parse_number(notionalString),
            'leverage': self.safe_number(position, 'leverage'),
            'collateral': None,
            'initialMargin': self.safe_number(position, 'initMargin'),
            'initialMarginPercentage': self.safe_number(position, 'initMarginReq'),
            'maintenanceMargin': maintenanceMargin,
            'maintenanceMarginPercentage': self.safe_number(position, 'maintMarginReq'),
            'unrealizedPnl': unrealisedPnl,
            'liquidationPrice': self.safe_number(position, 'liquidationPrice'),
            'marginMode': marginMode,
            'marginRatio': None,
            'percentage': self.safe_number(position, 'unrealisedPnlPcnt'),
            'stopLossPrice': None,
            'takeProfitPrice': None,
        })

    def withdraw(self, code: str, amount: float, address: str, tag=None, params={}) -> Transaction:
        """
        make a withdrawal

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /User/User_requestWithdrawal

        :param str code: unified currency code
        :param float amount: the amount to withdraw
        :param str address: the address to withdraw to
        :param str tag:
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a `transaction structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure>`
        """
        tag, params = self.handle_withdraw_tag_and_params(tag, params)
        self.check_address(address)
        self.load_markets()
        currency = self.currency(code)
        qty = self.convert_from_real_amount(code, amount)
        networkCode = None
        networkCode, params = self.handle_network_code_and_params(params)
        request: dict = {
            'currency': currency['id'],
            'amount': qty,
            'address': address,
            'network': self.network_code_to_id(networkCode, currency['code']),
            # 'otpToken': '123456',  # requires if two-factor auth(OTP) is enabled
            # 'fee': 0.001,  # bitcoin network fee
        }
        if self.twofa is not None:
            request['otpToken'] = self.totp(self.twofa)
        response = self.privatePostUserRequestWithdrawal(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     {
        #         "transactID": "3aece414-bb29-76c8-6c6d-16a477a51a1e",
        #         "account": 1403035,
        #         "currency": "USDt",
        #         "network": "tron",
        #         "transactType": "Withdrawal",
        #         "amount": -11000000,
        #         "fee": 1000000,
        #         "transactStatus": "Pending",
        #         "address": "TAf5JxcAQQsC2Nm2zu21XE2iDtnisxPo1x",
        #         "tx": "",
        #         "text": "",
        #         "transactTime": "2022-12-16T07:37:06.500Z",
        #         "timestamp": "2022-12-16T07:37:06.500Z",
        #     }
        #
        return self.parse_transaction(response, currency)

    def fetch_funding_rates(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}) -> FundingRates:
        """
        fetch the funding rate for multiple markets

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Instrument/Instrument_getActiveAndIndices

        :param str[]|None symbols: list of unified market symbols
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict[]: a list of `funding rate structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=funding-rates-structure>`, indexed by market symbols
        """
        self.load_markets()
        response = self.publicGetInstrumentActiveAndIndices(params)
        # same response "fetchMarkets"
        filteredResponse = []
        for i in range(0, len(response)):
            item = response[i]
            marketId = self.safe_string(item, 'symbol')
            market = self.safe_market(marketId)
            swap = self.safe_bool(market, 'swap', False)
            if swap:
                filteredResponse.append(item)
        symbols = self.market_symbols(symbols)
        result = self.parse_funding_rates(filteredResponse)
        return self.filter_by_array(result, 'symbol', symbols)

    def parse_funding_rate(self, contract, market: Market = None) -> FundingRate:
        # see response sample under "fetchMarkets" because same endpoint is being used here
        datetime = self.safe_string(contract, 'timestamp')
        marketId = self.safe_string(contract, 'symbol')
        fundingDatetime = self.safe_string(contract, 'fundingTimestamp')
        return {
            'info': contract,
            'symbol': self.safe_symbol(marketId, market),
            'markPrice': self.safe_number(contract, 'markPrice'),
            'indexPrice': None,
            'interestRate': None,
            'estimatedSettlePrice': self.safe_number(contract, 'indicativeSettlePrice'),
            'timestamp': self.parse8601(datetime),
            'datetime': datetime,
            'fundingRate': self.safe_number(contract, 'fundingRate'),
            'fundingTimestamp': self.parse8601(fundingDatetime),
            'fundingDatetime': fundingDatetime,
            'nextFundingRate': self.safe_number(contract, 'indicativeFundingRate'),
            'nextFundingTimestamp': None,
            'nextFundingDatetime': None,
            'previousFundingRate': None,
            'previousFundingTimestamp': None,
            'previousFundingDatetime': None,
            'interval': None,
        }

    def fetch_funding_rate_history(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
        """
        Fetches the history of funding rates

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Funding/Funding_get

        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch the funding rate history for
        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest funding rate to fetch
        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of `funding rate structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=funding-rate-history-structure>` to fetch
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param int [params.until]: timestamp in ms for ending date filter
        :param bool [params.reverse]: if True, will sort results newest first
        :param int [params.start]: starting point for results
        :param str [params.columns]: array of column names to fetch in info, if omitted, will return all columns
        :param str [params.filter]: generic table filter, send json key/value pairs, such as {"key": "value"}, you can key on individual fields, and do more advanced querying on timestamps, see the `timestamp docs <https://www.bitmex.com/app/restAPI#Timestamp-Filters>` for more details
        :returns dict[]: a list of `funding rate structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=funding-rate-history-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        request: dict = {}
        market = None
        if symbol in self.currencies:
            code = self.currency(symbol)
            request['symbol'] = code['id']
        elif symbol is not None:
            splitSymbol = symbol.split(':')
            splitSymbolLength = len(splitSymbol)
            timeframes = ['nearest', 'daily', 'weekly', 'monthly', 'quarterly', 'biquarterly', 'perpetual']
            if (splitSymbolLength > 1) and self.in_array(splitSymbol[1], timeframes):
                code = self.currency(splitSymbol[0])
                symbol = code['id'] + ':' + splitSymbol[1]
                request['symbol'] = symbol
            else:
                market = self.market(symbol)
                request['symbol'] = market['id']
        if since is not None:
            request['startTime'] = self.iso8601(since)
        if limit is not None:
            request['count'] = limit
        until = self.safe_integer(params, 'until')
        params = self.omit(params, ['until'])
        if until is not None:
            request['endTime'] = self.iso8601(until)
        if (since is None) and (until is None):
            request['reverse'] = True
        response = self.publicGetFunding(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #    [
        #        {
        #            "timestamp": "2016-05-07T12:00:00.000Z",
        #            "symbol": "ETHXBT",
        #            "fundingInterval": "2000-01-02T00:00:00.000Z",
        #            "fundingRate": 0.0010890000000000001,
        #            "fundingRateDaily": 0.0010890000000000001
        #        }
        #    ]
        #
        return self.parse_funding_rate_histories(response, market, since, limit)

    def parse_funding_rate_history(self, info, market: Market = None):
        #
        #    {
        #        "timestamp": "2016-05-07T12:00:00.000Z",
        #        "symbol": "ETHXBT",
        #        "fundingInterval": "2000-01-02T00:00:00.000Z",
        #        "fundingRate": 0.0010890000000000001,
        #        "fundingRateDaily": 0.0010890000000000001
        #    }
        #
        marketId = self.safe_string(info, 'symbol')
        datetime = self.safe_string(info, 'timestamp')
        return {
            'info': info,
            'symbol': self.safe_symbol(marketId, market),
            'fundingRate': self.safe_number(info, 'fundingRate'),
            'timestamp': self.parse8601(datetime),
            'datetime': datetime,
        }

    def set_leverage(self, leverage: Int, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        set the level of leverage for a market

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Position/Position_updateLeverage

        :param float leverage: the rate of leverage
        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: response from the exchange
        """
        if symbol is None:
            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' setLeverage() requires a symbol argument')
        if (leverage < 0.01) or (leverage > 100):
            raise BadRequest(self.id + ' leverage should be between 0.01 and 100')
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        if market['type'] != 'swap' and market['type'] != 'future':
            raise BadSymbol(self.id + ' setLeverage() supports future and swap contracts only')
        request: dict = {
            'symbol': market['id'],
            'leverage': leverage,
        }
        return self.privatePostPositionLeverage(self.extend(request, params))

    def set_margin_mode(self, marginMode: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
        """
        set margin mode to 'cross' or 'isolated'

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Position/Position_isolateMargin

        :param str marginMode: 'cross' or 'isolated'
        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: response from the exchange
        """
        if symbol is None:
            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' setMarginMode() requires a symbol argument')
        marginMode = marginMode.lower()
        if marginMode != 'isolated' and marginMode != 'cross':
            raise BadRequest(self.id + ' setMarginMode() marginMode argument should be isolated or cross')
        self.load_markets()
        market = self.market(symbol)
        if (market['type'] != 'swap') and (market['type'] != 'future'):
            raise BadSymbol(self.id + ' setMarginMode() supports swap and future contracts only')
        enabled = False if (marginMode == 'cross') else True
        request: dict = {
            'symbol': market['id'],
            'enabled': enabled,
        }
        return self.privatePostPositionIsolate(self.extend(request, params))

    def fetch_deposit_address(self, code: str, params={}) -> DepositAddress:
        """
        fetch the deposit address for a currency associated with self account

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /User/User_getDepositAddress

        :param str code: unified currency code
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :param str [params.network]: deposit chain, can view all chains via self.publicGetWalletAssets, default is eth, unless the currency has a default chain within self.options['networks']
        :returns dict: an `address structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=address-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        networkCode = None
        networkCode, params = self.handle_network_code_and_params(params)
        if networkCode is None:
            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' fetchDepositAddress requires params["network"]')
        currency = self.currency(code)
        params = self.omit(params, 'network')
        request: dict = {
            'currency': currency['id'],
            'network': self.network_code_to_id(networkCode, currency['code']),
        }
        response = self.privateGetUserDepositAddress(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #    '"bc1qmex3puyrzn2gduqcnlu70c2uscpyaa9nm2l2j9le2lt2wkgmw33sy7ndjg"'
        #
        return {
            'info': response,
            'currency': code,
            'network': networkCode,
            'address': response.replace('"', '').replace('"', ''),  # Done twice because some languages only replace the first instance
            'tag': None,
        }

    def parse_deposit_withdraw_fee(self, fee, currency: Currency = None):
        #
        #    {
        #        "asset": "XBT",
        #        "currency": "XBt",
        #        "majorCurrency": "XBT",
        #        "name": "Bitcoin",
        #        "currencyType": "Crypto",
        #        "scale": "8",
        #        "enabled": True,
        #        "isMarginCurrency": True,
        #        "minDepositAmount": "10000",
        #        "minWithdrawalAmount": "1000",
        #        "maxWithdrawalAmount": "100000000000000",
        #        "networks": [
        #            {
        #                "asset": "btc",
        #                "tokenAddress": '',
        #                "depositEnabled": True,
        #                "withdrawalEnabled": True,
        #                "withdrawalFee": "20000",
        #                "minFee": "20000",
        #                "maxFee": "10000000"
        #            }
        #        ]
        #    }
        #
        networks = self.safe_value(fee, 'networks', [])
        networksLength = len(networks)
        result: dict = {
            'info': fee,
            'withdraw': {
                'fee': None,
                'percentage': None,
            },
            'deposit': {
                'fee': None,
                'percentage': None,
            },
            'networks': {},
        }
        if networksLength != 0:
            scale = self.safe_string(fee, 'scale')
            precision = self.parse_precision(scale)
            for i in range(0, networksLength):
                network = networks[i]
                networkId = self.safe_string(network, 'asset')
                currencyCode = self.safe_string(currency, 'code')
                networkCode = self.network_id_to_code(networkId, currencyCode)
                withdrawalFeeId = self.safe_string(network, 'withdrawalFee')
                withdrawalFee = self.parse_number(Precise.string_mul(withdrawalFeeId, precision))
                result['networks'][networkCode] = {
                    'deposit': {'fee': None, 'percentage': None},
                    'withdraw': {'fee': withdrawalFee, 'percentage': False},
                }
                if networksLength == 1:
                    result['withdraw']['fee'] = withdrawalFee
                    result['withdraw']['percentage'] = False
        return result

    def fetch_deposit_withdraw_fees(self, codes: Strings = None, params={}):
        """
        fetch deposit and withdraw fees

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Wallet/Wallet_getAssetsConfig

        :param str[]|None codes: list of unified currency codes
        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
        :returns dict: a list of `fee structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=fee-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        assets = self.publicGetWalletAssets(params)
        #
        #    [
        #        {
        #            "asset": "XBT",
        #            "currency": "XBt",
        #            "majorCurrency": "XBT",
        #            "name": "Bitcoin",
        #            "currencyType": "Crypto",
        #            "scale": "8",
        #            "enabled": True,
        #            "isMarginCurrency": True,
        #            "minDepositAmount": "10000",
        #            "minWithdrawalAmount": "1000",
        #            "maxWithdrawalAmount": "100000000000000",
        #            "networks": [
        #                {
        #                    "asset": "btc",
        #                    "tokenAddress": '',
        #                    "depositEnabled": True,
        #                    "withdrawalEnabled": True,
        #                    "withdrawalFee": "20000",
        #                    "minFee": "20000",
        #                    "maxFee": "10000000"
        #                }
        #            ]
        #        },
        #        ...
        #    ]
        #
        return self.parse_deposit_withdraw_fees(assets, codes, 'asset')

    def calculate_rate_limiter_cost(self, api, method, path, params, config={}):
        isAuthenticated = self.check_required_credentials(False)
        cost = self.safe_value(config, 'cost', 1)
        if cost != 1:  # trading endpoints
            if isAuthenticated:
                return cost
            else:
                return 20
        return cost

    def fetch_liquidations(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
        """
        retrieves the public liquidations of a trading pair

        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Liquidation/Liquidation_get

        :param str symbol: unified CCXT market symbol
        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch liquidations for
        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of liquidation structures to retrieve
        :param dict [params]: exchange specific parameters for the bitmex api endpoint
        :param int [params.until]: timestamp in ms of the latest liquidation
        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
        :returns dict: an array of `liquidation structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=liquidation-structure>`
        """
        self.load_markets()
        paginate = False
        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchLiquidations', 'paginate')
        if paginate:
            return self.fetch_paginated_call_dynamic('fetchLiquidations', symbol, since, limit, params)
        market = self.market(symbol)
        request: dict = {
            'symbol': market['id'],
        }
        if since is not None:
            request['startTime'] = since
        if limit is not None:
            request['count'] = limit
        request, params = self.handle_until_option('endTime', request, params)
        response = self.publicGetLiquidation(self.extend(request, params))
        #
        #     [
        #         {
        #             "orderID": "string",
        #             "symbol": "string",
        #             "side": "string",
        #             "price": 0,
        #             "leavesQty": 0
        #         }
        #     ]
        #
        return self.parse_liquidations(response, market, since, limit)

    def parse_liquidation(self, liquidation, market: Market = None):
        #
        #     {
        #         "orderID": "string",
        #         "symbol": "string",
        #         "side": "string",
        #         "price": 0,
        #         "leavesQty": 0
        #     }
        #
        marketId = self.safe_string(liquidation, 'symbol')
        return self.safe_liquidation({
            'info': liquidation,
            'symbol': self.safe_symbol(marketId, market),
            'contracts': None,
            'contractSize': self.safe_number(market, 'contractSize'),
            'price': self.safe_number(liquidation, 'price'),
            'baseValue': None,
            'quoteValue': None,
            'timestamp': None,
            'datetime': None,
        })

    def handle_errors(self, code: int, reason: str, url: str, method: str, headers: dict, body: str, response, requestHeaders, requestBody):
        if response is None:
            return None
        if code == 429:
            raise DDoSProtection(self.id + ' ' + body)
        if code >= 400:
            error = self.safe_value(response, 'error', {})
            message = self.safe_string(error, 'message')
            feedback = self.id + ' ' + body
            self.throw_exactly_matched_exception(self.exceptions['exact'], message, feedback)
            self.throw_broadly_matched_exception(self.exceptions['broad'], message, feedback)
            if code == 400:
                raise BadRequest(feedback)
            raise ExchangeError(feedback)  # unknown message
        return None

    def nonce(self):
        return self.milliseconds()

    def sign(self, path, api='public', method='GET', params={}, headers=None, body=None):
        query = '/api/' + self.version + '/' + path
        if method == 'GET':
            if params:
                query += '?' + self.urlencode(params)
        else:
            format = self.safe_string(params, '_format')
            if format is not None:
                query += '?' + self.urlencode({'_format': format})
                params = self.omit(params, '_format')
        url = self.urls['api'][api] + query
        isAuthenticated = self.check_required_credentials(False)
        if api == 'private' or (api == 'public' and isAuthenticated):
            self.check_required_credentials()
            auth = method + query
            expires = self.safe_integer(self.options, 'api-expires')
            headers = {
                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
                'api-key': self.apiKey,
            }
            expires = self.sum(self.seconds(), expires)
            stringExpires = str(expires)
            auth += stringExpires
            headers['api-expires'] = stringExpires
            if method == 'POST' or method == 'PUT' or method == 'DELETE':
                if params:
                    body = self.json(params)
                    auth += body
            headers['api-signature'] = self.hmac(self.encode(auth), self.encode(self.secret), hashlib.sha256)
        return {'url': url, 'method': method, 'body': body, 'headers': headers}