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feat(router): deprecate loadChildren:string (#30073)
The proposed ES dynamic import() is now supported by the Angular CLI and the larger toolchain. This renders the `loadChildren: string` API largely redundant, as import() is far more natural, is less error-prone, and is standards compliant. This commit deprecates the `string` form of `loadChildren` in favor of dynamic import(). DEPRECATION: When defining lazy-loaded route, Angular previously offered two options for configuring the module to be loaded, both via the `loadChildren` parameter of the route. Most Angular developers are familiar withthe `string` form of this API. For example, the following route definition configures Angular to load a `LazyModule` NgModule from `lazy-route/lazy.module.ts`: ``` [{ path: 'lazy', loadChildren: 'lazy-route/lazy.module#LazyModule', }] ``` This "magic string" configuration was previously necessary as there was no dynamic module loading standard on the web. This has changed with the pending standardization of dynamic `import()` expressions, which are now supported in the Angular CLI and in web tooling in general. `import()` offers a more natural and robust solution to dynamic module loading. The above example can be rewritten to use dynamic `import()`: ``` [{ path: 'lazy', loadChildren: () => import('./lazy-route/lazy.module').then(mod => mod.LazyModule), }] ``` This form of lazy loading offers significant advantages in terms of: * type checking via TypeScript * simplicity of generated code * future potential to run natively in supporting browsers (see: [caniuse: dynamic import()](https://caniuse.com/#feat=es6-module-dynamic-import)) As a result, Angular is deprecating the `loadChildren: string` syntax in favor of ES dynamic `import()`. An automatic migration will run during `ng upgrade` to convert your existing Angular code to the new syntax. PR Close #30073
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