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创建工程

我们创建一个叫eslint-demo的工程,然后执行npm初始化

https://github.com/913453448/eslint-demo

npm init

安装使用

安装eslint

$ npm install eslint --save-dev

创建配置文件

执行eslint的初始化

npx eslint --init

执行完毕后可以看到一个配置文件,我选的是json格式的配置文件,还有package.json中直接引用、yaml、js格式的配置文件,后面我们会讲到。

.eslintrc.json

{

}

可以看到,我们这里是一个空的配置文件。

运行命令

我们创建一个叫src的目录,然后创建一个demo1.js的文件测试

demo1.js:

我们随便写点代码,比如直接document页面输出一个字符串

document.write("hello eslint");

运行eslint测试:

npx eslint ./src/demo1.js

运行完毕后你会发现,没有报错跟提示,这是因为我们还没有进行任何eslint的配置,下面我们就结合demo对eslint配置逐个进行解析。

为了更好的理解eslint,我们直接clone一份源码,https://github.com/eslint/eslint.git

配置

我们这里以一个前端vue+webpack+ts+es2020的工程为demo为例子进行eslint的配置。

env&parserOptions

ESLint 允许你指定你想要支持的 JavaScript 语言选项。默认情况下,ESLint 支持 ECMAScript 5 语法。你可以覆盖该设置,以启用对 ECMAScript 其它版本和 JSX 的支持,为什么要把env跟parserOptions放在一起讲呢? 因为env中包含了对parserOptions的配置,最终两个参数传入供给parse解析器使用。

env

我们的demo需要运行在es2020的浏览器环境中,所以我们的env配置为:

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  }
}

那么,env到底可以为设置为哪些呢?我们直接找到eslint的源码。

conf/environments.js:

...
const newGlobals2015 = getDiff(globals.es2015, globals.es5); // 19 variables such as Promise, 
const newGlobals2017 = {
    Atomics: false,
    SharedArrayBuffer: false
};
const newGlobals2020 = {
    BigInt: false,
    BigInt64Array: false,
    BigUint64Array: false,
    globalThis: false
};

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Public Interface
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/** @type {Map<string, import("../lib/shared/types").Environment>} */
module.exports = new Map(Object.entries({

    // Language
    builtin: {
        globals: globals.es5
    },
    es6: {
        globals: newGlobals2015,
        parserOptions: {
            ecmaVersion: 6
        }
    },
    es2015: {
        globals: newGlobals2015,
        parserOptions: {
            ecmaVersion: 6
        }
    },
    es2017: {
        globals: { ...newGlobals2015, ...newGlobals2017 },
        parserOptions: {
            ecmaVersion: 8
        }
    },
    es2020: {
        globals: { ...newGlobals2015, ...newGlobals2017, ...newGlobals2020 },
        parserOptions: {
            ecmaVersion: 11
        }
    },

    // Platforms
    browser: {
        globals: globals.browser
    },
    node: {
        globals: globals.node,
        parserOptions: {
            ecmaFeatures: {
                globalReturn: true
            }
        }
    },
    "shared-node-browser": {
        globals: globals["shared-node-browser"]
    },
    worker: {
        globals: globals.worker
    },
    serviceworker: {
        globals: globals.serviceworker
    },

    // Frameworks
    commonjs: {
        globals: globals.commonjs,
        parserOptions: {
            ecmaFeatures: {
                globalReturn: true
            }
        }
    },
    amd: {
        globals: globals.amd
    },
    mocha: {
        globals: globals.mocha
    },
    jasmine: {
        globals: globals.jasmine
    },
    jest: {
        globals: globals.jest
    },
    phantomjs: {
        globals: globals.phantomjs
    },
    jquery: {
        globals: globals.jquery
    },
    qunit: {
        globals: globals.qunit
    },
    prototypejs: {
        globals: globals.prototypejs
    },
    shelljs: {
        globals: globals.shelljs
    },
    meteor: {
        globals: globals.meteor
    },
    mongo: {
        globals: globals.mongo
    },
    protractor: {
        globals: globals.protractor
    },
    applescript: {
        globals: globals.applescript
    },
    nashorn: {
        globals: globals.nashorn
    },
    atomtest: {
        globals: globals.atomtest
    },
    embertest: {
        globals: globals.embertest
    },
    webextensions: {
        globals: globals.webextensions
    },
    greasemonkey: {
        globals: globals.greasemonkey
    }
}));

可以看到,默认是“builtin” 也就是es5,我们可以看到“es6”还可以叫“es2015”,然后还有一个“parserOptions”的配置:

 es2015: {
        globals: newGlobals2015,
        parserOptions: {
            ecmaVersion: 6
        }
    },

那么parserOptions到底是什么呢? 其实是给解析器用的参数,告诉解析器你需要利用ecmaVersion:6的语法去解析我们的源文件,那么globals属性里面又是什么东西呢?我们直接找到newGlobals2015然后点开源码,我们找到一个叫globals的第三方库,然后找到了一个叫globals.json的文件:

{
  ...
  "es2015": {
		"Array": false,
		"ArrayBuffer": false,
		"Boolean": false,
		"constructor": false,
		"DataView": false,
		"Date": false,
		"decodeURI": false,
		"decodeURIComponent": false,
		"encodeURI": false,
		"encodeURIComponent": false,
		"Error": false,
		"escape": false,
		"eval": false,
		"EvalError": false,
		"Float32Array": false,
		"Float64Array": false,
		"Function": false,
		"hasOwnProperty": false,
		"Infinity": false,
		"Int16Array": false,
		"Int32Array": false,
		"Int8Array": false,
		"isFinite": false,
		"isNaN": false,
		"isPrototypeOf": false,
		"JSON": false,
		"Map": false,
		"Math": false,
		"NaN": false,
		"Number": false,
		"Object": false,
		"parseFloat": false,
		"parseInt": false,
		"Promise": false,
		"propertyIsEnumerable": false,
		"Proxy": false,
		"RangeError": false,
		"ReferenceError": false,
		"Reflect": false,
		"RegExp": false,
		"Set": false,
		"String": false,
		"Symbol": false,
		"SyntaxError": false,
		"toLocaleString": false,
		"toString": false,
		"TypeError": false,
		"Uint16Array": false,
		"Uint32Array": false,
		"Uint8Array": false,
		"Uint8ClampedArray": false,
		"undefined": false,
		"unescape": false,
		"URIError": false,
		"valueOf": false,
		"WeakMap": false,
		"WeakSet": false
	},
   ...
}

可以看到,其实就是我们es6中内置的对象、属性、方法,所以env是提供了一个es环境,parserOptions则是负责解析es语法。我们可以看到每一个变量都是一个boolean值,false代表这个变量不允许修改,true代表可以修改。

我们继续运行一下我们的demo:

$npx eslint ./src/demo1.js

我们可以发现,我们控制台还是没啥反应,这是为什么呢?因为我们还没配置我们的rules,我们继续往下走。

parserOptions

  • sourceType - 设置为 "script" (默认) 或 "module"(如果你的代码是 ECMAScript 模块)。

在看env的时候我们看到了parserOptions的一个参数“ecmaVersion”,那么ecmaVersion还有哪些配置呢?

ecmaVersion:

  • globalReturn - 允许在全局作用域下使用 return 语句
  • impliedStrict - 启用全局 strict mode (如果 ecmaVersion 是 5 或更高)
  • jsx - 启用 JSX
  • experimentalObjectRestSpread - 启用实验性的 object rest/spread properties 支持。(**重要:**这是一个实验性的功能,在未来可能会有明显改变。 建议你写的规则 不要 依赖该功能,除非当它发生改变时你愿意承担维护成本。)

我们可能会用到jsx,所以我们把jsx配置成为true

.eslintrc.json:

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    }
  },
}

因为我们demo需要用到webpack模块打包,所以我们需要把sourceType设置成为module

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
 "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    },
    "sourceType": "module"
  }
}

解析器(Parser)

抽象语法树(Abstract Syntax Tree,AST),parse会把我们的源代码转换成抽象语法树,然后再对每个节点做eslint的校验,可以说是eslint中最重要的模块了,eslint默认使用的Esprima作为ast工具,ast的工具还有acorn等,之前写过一篇关于babel的文章,感兴趣的小伙伴可以去看看babel源码解析一,里面用到的就是acorn。

{
    "parser": "esprima",
    "rules": {
        "semi": "error"
    }
}

以下解析器与 ESLint 兼容:

注意,在使用自定义解析器时,为了让 ESLint 在处理非 ECMAScript 5 特性时正常工作,配置属性 parserOptions 仍然是必须的。解析器会被传入 parserOptions,但是不一定会使用它们来决定功能特性的开关。

在线转换工具:https://astexplorer.net/

打开esprima的文档我们简单看一下:

README.md

​```javascript
const espree = require("espree");

const ast = espree.parse(code, options);

​```js
const options = {
    // attach range information to each node
    range: false,

    // attach line/column location information to each node
    loc: false,

    // create a top-level comments array containing all comments
    comment: false,

    // create a top-level tokens array containing all tokens
    tokens: false,

    // Set to 3, 5 (default), 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 to specify the version of ECMAScript syntax you want to use.
    // You can also set to 2015 (same as 6), 2016 (same as 7), 2017 (same as 8), 2018 (same as 9), 2019 (same as 10), or 2020 (same as 11) to use the year-based naming.
    ecmaVersion: 5,

    // specify which type of script you're parsing ("script" or "module")
    sourceType: "script",

    // specify additional language features
    ecmaFeatures: {

        // enable JSX parsing
        jsx: false,

        // enable return in global scope
        globalReturn: false,

        // enable implied strict mode (if ecmaVersion >= 5)
        impliedStrict: false
    }
}
​```

可以看到,esprima接受的其实就是我们传递的parserOptions参数,那么在eslint的配置中我们怎么使用parse呢?

因为我们demo是需要加载.vue文件的,所以用默认的esprima解析肯定是不行的,所以我们安装一个vue-eslint-parser,

因为vue-eslint-parser直接是包含在eslint-plugin-vue中的,所以我们直接安装一个eslint-plugin-vue:

npm install -D eslint-plugin-vue

然后直接把vue-eslint-parser配置到eslint中

.eslintrc.json:

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
 "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    },
    "sourceType": "module"
  },
  "parser": "vue-eslint-parser"
}

我们继续运行eslint:

npx eslint ./src/*

运行后还是没任何反应,这是为什么呢? 别慌,还没到我们的rules,我们继续~

处理器(Processor)

processor可以理解为在parse解析器要解析源文件之前跟eslint的rules处理过后的构造函数,也就是说可以在parse解析之前跟eslint的rules处理过后做一些事情,processor提供了两个钩子函数,我们先看一眼eslint-plugin-vue中提供的processor:

xxx/node_modules/eslint-plugin-vue/lib/processor.js

/**
 * @author Toru Nagashima <https://github.com/mysticatea>
 */
'use strict'

module.exports = {
  preprocess (code) {
    console.log("code",code)
    return [code]
  },

  postprocess (messages) {
    const state = {
      block: {
        disableAll: false,
        disableRules: new Set()
      },
      line: {
        disableAll: false,
        disableRules: new Set()
      }
    }

    // Filter messages which are in disabled area.
    return messages[0].filter(message => {
      if (message.ruleId === 'vue/comment-directive') {
        const rules = message.message.split(' ')
        const type = rules.shift()
        const group = rules.shift()
        switch (type) {
          case '--':
            state[group].disableAll = true
            break
          case '++':
            state[group].disableAll = false
            break
          case '-':
            for (const rule of rules) {
              state[group].disableRules.add(rule)
            }
            break
          case '+':
            for (const rule of rules) {
              state[group].disableRules.delete(rule)
            }
            break
          case 'clear':
            state.block.disableAll = false
            state.block.disableRules.clear()
            state.line.disableAll = false
            state.line.disableRules.clear()
            break
        }
        return false
      } else {
        return !(
          state.block.disableAll ||
          state.line.disableAll ||
          state.block.disableRules.has(message.ruleId) ||
          state.line.disableRules.has(message.ruleId)
        )
      }
    })
  },

  supportsAutofix: true
}

里面的具体代码我们就一一解析了,我们后面在做自定义plugin的时候会详细说明一下processor,我们可以简单的看到两个回调函数,preprocess跟postprocess,preprocess是在parse解析源文件之前调用的方法,postprocess则是eslint的rules处理完毕后的回调函数。

那我们用一下eslint-plugin-vue的processor.

如果插件提供了processor的话,eslint会自动根据文件后缀调用processor,比如在eslint-plugin-vue的清单文件中我们可以看到:

xxx/node_modules/eslint-plugin-vue/lib/index.js

/*
 * IMPORTANT!
 * This file has been automatically generated,
 * in order to update it's content execute "npm run update"
 */
'use strict'

module.exports = {
  rules: {
    ....
  },
  configs: {
    'base': require('./configs/base'),
    'essential': require('./configs/essential'),
    'no-layout-rules': require('./configs/no-layout-rules'),
    'recommended': require('./configs/recommended'),
    'strongly-recommended': require('./configs/strongly-recommended')
  },
  processors: {
    '.vue': require('./processor')
  }
}

我们可以看到vue提供了一个针对.vue文件的processors:

 processors: {
    '.vue': require('./processor')
  }

接下来,我们用一下eslint-plugin-vue的processors,我们直接创建一个叫demo2.vue的文件:

demo2.vue

<template>
</template>
<script>
export default{
    name: 'demo2',
};
</script>
<style lang='scss' scoped>
</style>

然后直接在eslint配置中使用eslint-plugin-vue插件:

.eslintrc.json:

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    },
    "sourceType": "module"
  },
  "parser": "vue-eslint-parser",
  "plugins": [
    "vue"
  ]
}

为了看到点效果,我们直接在x x/node_modules/eslint-plugin-vue/lib/processor.js源代码中打个console:

module.exports = {
  preprocess (code) {
    console.log("code",code)
    return [code]
  },
  ...

然后运行eslint:

➜  eslint-demo git:(v0.0.1) ✗ npx eslint ./src/*
code <template>
</template>
<script>
export default{
    name: 'demo2',
};
</script>
<style lang='scss' scoped>
</style>

➜  eslint-demo git:(v0.0.1) ✗ 

可以看到,processor打印了我们的源代码。

plugin引入的话只会针对.vue文件做处理,那如果我们需要对项目中所有的文件做处理的话该怎么做呢?

我们直接修改一下配置:

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    },
    "sourceType": "module"
  },
  "parser": "vue-eslint-parser",
  "plugins": [
    "vue"
  ],
  "processor": "vue/.vue"
}

我们继续运行eslint:

➜  eslint-demo git:(v0.0.1) ✗ npx eslint ./src/*
code document.write("hello eslint");
code <template>
</template>
<script>
export default{
    name: 'demo2',
};
</script>
<style lang='scss' scoped>
</style>

➜  eslint-demo git:(v0.0.1) ✗ 


可以看到,我们demo1.js跟demo2.vue的源码都打印了一遍。

好啦,processor就先讲到这里了,后面在自定义plugin的时候具体在对每个方法做解析。

全局变量(Globals)

这个配置比较好理解,就是我们在env配置的全局变量,如果我们需要添加、禁用某些全局变量的话,我们可以放在Globals配置中,

当访问当前源文件内未定义的变量时,no-undef 规则将发出警告。如果你想在一个源文件里使用全局变量,推荐你在 ESLint 中定义这些全局变量,这样 ESLint 就不会发出警告了。你可以使用注释或在配置文件中定义全局变量。

要在你的 JavaScript 文件中,用注释指定全局变量,格式如下:

/* global var1, var2 */

这定义了两个全局变量,var1var2。如果你想选择性地指定这些全局变量可以被写入(而不是只被读取),那么你可以用一个 "writable" 的标志来设置它们:

/* global var1:writable, var2:writable */

要在配置文件中配置全局变量,请将 globals 配置属性设置为一个对象,该对象包含以你希望使用的每个全局变量。对于每个全局变量键,将对应的值设置为 "writable" 以允许重写变量,或 "readonly" 不允许重写变量。例如:

{
    "globals": {
        "var1": "writable",
        "var2": "readonly"
    }
}

在 YAML 中:

---
  globals:
    var1: writable
    var2: readonly

在这些例子中 var1 允许被重写,var2 不允许被重写。

可以使用字符串 "off" 禁用全局变量。例如,在大多数 ES2015 全局变量可用但 Promise 不可用的环境中,你可以使用以下配置:

{
    "env": {
        "es6": true
    },
    "globals": {
        "Promise": "off"
    }
}

由于历史原因,布尔值 false 和字符串值 "readable" 等价于 "readonly"。类似地,布尔值 true 和字符串值 "writeable" 等价于 "writable"。但是,不建议使用旧值。

比如我们有一个全局的fox变量,我们需要在globals声明一下,并且为只读。我们创建一个demo-global-fox.js文件:

demo-global-fox.js

fox.say("hello");

修改一下我们的配置信息:

.eslintrc.json

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    },
    "sourceType": "module"
  },
  "parser": "vue-eslint-parser",
  "plugins": [
    "vue"
  ],
  "processor": "vue/.vue",
  "globals": {
    "fox": "readonly"
  }
}

插件(Plugins)

ESLint 支持使用第三方插件。在使用插件之前,你必须使用 npm 安装它。比如我们这里使用了eslint-plugin-vue插件,在配置文件里配置插件时,可以使用 plugins 关键字来存放插件名字的列表。插件名称可以省略 eslint-plugin- 前缀。

{
    "plugins": [
        "vue",
        "eslint-plugin-vue"
    ]
}

两种方式都是可以的,有些第三方插件可能还带有命名空间,比如@typescirpt-eslint/eslint-plugin插件,每个插件是一个命名格式为 eslint-plugin- 的 npm 模块,比如 eslint-plugin-jquery。你也可以用这样的格式 @/eslint-plugin- 限定在包作用域下,比如 @jquery/eslint-plugin-jquery

我们引用的时候可以直接带上命名空间即可,比如引用@typescirpt-eslint/eslint-plugin插件和@jquery/eslint-plugin-jquery插件:

{
    "plugins": [
        "@typescirpt-eslint",
      	"@jquery/jquery`"
    ]
}

前面说了我们demo需要支持typescript,所以我们demo中装一下@typescirpt-eslint/eslint-plugin插件:

npm install -S typescript && npm install -D @typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin && npm install -D @typescript-eslint/parser

package.json

{
  "name": "eslint-demo",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "typescript": "^3.9.5"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^3.3.0",
    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^3.3.0",
    "eslint": "^7.3.0",
    "eslint-plugin-vue": "^6.2.2"
  }
}

.eslintrc.json:

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    },
    "sourceType": "module"
  },
  "parser": "vue-eslint-parser",
  "plugins": [
    "vue",
    "@typescript-eslint"
  ],
  "processor": "vue/.vue",
  "globals": {
    "fox": "readonly"
  }
}

规则(Rules)

终于是讲到rules了,rules其实就是eslint中定义的代码规则,其实eslint也就是一系列的规则的组合,由于我们前面并没有对我们的demo做任何rules配置,所以我们每次执行eslint的时候都没有一点反应,接下里我们结合demo做一下rules的配置。

比如我们需要在代码语句结束强制加分号“;”

我们创建一个demo-semi.js文件:

demo-semi.js

document.write("hello eslint")

然后在配置文件中配置semi规则:

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    },
    "sourceType": "module"
  },
  "parser": "vue-eslint-parser",
  "plugins": [
    "vue",
    "@typescript-eslint"
  ],
  "processor": "vue/.vue",
  "globals": {
    "fox": "readonly"
  },
  "rules": {
    "semi": [
      "error",
      "always"
    ]
  }
}

运行eslint:

➜  eslint-demo git:(v0.0.1) ✗ npx eslint ./src/*
code fox.say("hello");
code document.write("hello eslint")
code document.write("hello eslint");
code <template>
</template>
<script>
export default{
    name: 'demo2',
};
</script>
<style lang='scss' scoped>
</style>


xx/Study/eslint-demo/src/demo-semi.js
  1:31  error  Missing semicolon  semi

✖ 1 problem (1 error, 0 warnings)
  1 error and 0 warnings potentially fixable with the `--fix` option.

➜  eslint-demo git:(v0.0.1) ✗ 

可以看到,我们终端中直接报错了

xx/eslint-demo/src/demo-semi.js
  1:31  error  Missing semicolon  semi

✖ 1 problem (1 error, 0 warnings)
  1 error and 0 warnings potentially fixable with the `--fix` option.

哈哈,终于是看点东西了,不容易啊~

再来一个,比如我们需要在代码中用双引号“”

.eslintrc.json:

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    },
    "sourceType": "module"
  },
  "parser": "vue-eslint-parser",
  "plugins": [
    "vue",
    "@typescript-eslint"
  ],
  "processor": "vue/.vue",
  "globals": {
    "fox": "readonly"
  },
  "rules": {
    "semi": [
      "error",
      "always"
    ],
    "quotes": ["error", "double"]
  }
}

运行eslint:

➜  eslint-demo git:(v0.0.1) ✗ npx eslint ./src/*
code fox.say("hello");
code document.write("hello eslint")
code document.write("hello eslint");
code <template>
</template>
<script>
export default{
    name: 'demo2',
};
</script>
<style lang='scss' scoped>
</style>


xx/Study/eslint-demo/src/demo-semi.js
  1:31  error  Missing semicolon  semi

xx/Study/eslint-demo/src/demo2.vue
  5:11  error  Strings must use doublequote  quotes

✖ 2 problems (2 errors, 0 warnings)
  2 errors and 0 warnings potentially fixable with the `--fix` option.

➜  eslint-demo git:(v0.0.1) ✗ 

可以看到,我们代码中有两处报错了,demo-semi.js跟demo2.vue

demo-semi.js(没有加分号):

document.write("hello eslint")

demo2.vue(没有用双引号):

<template>
</template>
<script>
export default{
    name: 'demo2',
};
</script>
<style lang='scss' scoped>
</style>

有小伙伴可能要疑问了,semi跟quotes从哪来的呢? 我可不可以定义一个叫xxx的规则呢?

下面一个一个解答:

semi跟quotes从哪来的呢?

我们翻开eslint的源码:

lib/rules/index.js

/**
 * @fileoverview Collects the built-in rules into a map structure so that they can be imported all at once and without
 * using the file-system directly.
 * @author Peter (Somogyvari) Metz
 */

"use strict";

/* eslint sort-keys: ["error", "asc"] */

const { LazyLoadingRuleMap } = require("./utils/lazy-loading-rule-map");

/** @type {Map<string, import("../shared/types").Rule>} */
module.exports = new LazyLoadingRuleMap(Object.entries({
    "accessor-pairs": () => require("./accessor-pairs"),
    "array-bracket-newline": () => require("./array-bracket-newline"),
    "array-bracket-spacing": () => require("./array-bracket-spacing"),
    "array-callback-return": () => require("./array-callback-return"),
    "array-element-newline": () => require("./array-element-newline"),
    "arrow-body-style": () => require("./arrow-body-style"),
    "arrow-parens": () => require("./arrow-parens"),
    "arrow-spacing": () => require("./arrow-spacing"),
    "block-scoped-var": () => require("./block-scoped-var"),
    "block-spacing": () => require("./block-spacing"),
    "brace-style": () => require("./brace-style"),
    "callback-return": () => require("./callback-return"),
    camelcase: () => require("./camelcase"),
    "capitalized-comments": () => require("./capitalized-comments"),
    "class-methods-use-this": () => require("./class-methods-use-this"),
    "comma-dangle": () => require("./comma-dangle"),
    "comma-spacing": () => require("./comma-spacing"),
    "comma-style": () => require("./comma-style"),
    complexity: () => require("./complexity"),
    "computed-property-spacing": () => require("./computed-property-spacing"),
    "consistent-return": () => require("./consistent-return"),
    "consistent-this": () => require("./consistent-this"),
    "constructor-super": () => require("./constructor-super"),
    curly: () => require("./curly"),
    "default-case": () => require("./default-case"),
    "default-case-last": () => require("./default-case-last"),
    "default-param-last": () => require("./default-param-last"),
    "dot-location": () => require("./dot-location"),
    "dot-notation": () => require("./dot-notation"),
    "eol-last": () => require("./eol-last"),
    eqeqeq: () => require("./eqeqeq"),
    "for-direction": () => require("./for-direction"),
    "func-call-spacing": () => require("./func-call-spacing"),
    "func-name-matching": () => require("./func-name-matching"),
    "func-names": () => require("./func-names"),
    "func-style": () => require("./func-style"),
    "function-call-argument-newline": () => require("./function-call-argument-newline"),
    "function-paren-newline": () => require("./function-paren-newline"),
    "generator-star-spacing": () => require("./generator-star-spacing"),
    "getter-return": () => require("./getter-return"),
    "global-require": () => require("./global-require"),
    "grouped-accessor-pairs": () => require("./grouped-accessor-pairs"),
    "guard-for-in": () => require("./guard-for-in"),
    "handle-callback-err": () => require("./handle-callback-err"),
    "id-blacklist": () => require("./id-blacklist"),
    "id-length": () => require("./id-length"),
    "id-match": () => require("./id-match"),
    "implicit-arrow-linebreak": () => require("./implicit-arrow-linebreak"),
    indent: () => require("./indent"),
    "indent-legacy": () => require("./indent-legacy"),
    "init-declarations": () => require("./init-declarations"),
    "jsx-quotes": () => require("./jsx-quotes"),
    "key-spacing": () => require("./key-spacing"),
    "keyword-spacing": () => require("./keyword-spacing"),
    "line-comment-position": () => require("./line-comment-position"),
    "linebreak-style": () => require("./linebreak-style"),
    "lines-around-comment": () => require("./lines-around-comment"),
    "lines-around-directive": () => require("./lines-around-directive"),
    "lines-between-class-members": () => require("./lines-between-class-members"),
    "max-classes-per-file": () => require("./max-classes-per-file"),
    "max-depth": () => require("./max-depth"),
    "max-len": () => require("./max-len"),
    "max-lines": () => require("./max-lines"),
    "max-lines-per-function": () => require("./max-lines-per-function"),
    "max-nested-callbacks": () => require("./max-nested-callbacks"),
    "max-params": () => require("./max-params"),
    "max-statements": () => require("./max-statements"),
    "max-statements-per-line": () => require("./max-statements-per-line"),
    "multiline-comment-style": () => require("./multiline-comment-style"),
    "multiline-ternary": () => require("./multiline-ternary"),
    "new-cap": () => require("./new-cap"),
    "new-parens": () => require("./new-parens"),
    "newline-after-var": () => require("./newline-after-var"),
    "newline-before-return": () => require("./newline-before-return"),
    "newline-per-chained-call": () => require("./newline-per-chained-call"),
    "no-alert": () => require("./no-alert"),
    "no-array-constructor": () => require("./no-array-constructor"),
    "no-async-promise-executor": () => require("./no-async-promise-executor"),
    "no-await-in-loop": () => require("./no-await-in-loop"),
    "no-bitwise": () => require("./no-bitwise"),
    "no-buffer-constructor": () => require("./no-buffer-constructor"),
    "no-caller": () => require("./no-caller"),
    "no-case-declarations": () => require("./no-case-declarations"),
    "no-catch-shadow": () => require("./no-catch-shadow"),
    "no-class-assign": () => require("./no-class-assign"),
    "no-compare-neg-zero": () => require("./no-compare-neg-zero"),
    "no-cond-assign": () => require("./no-cond-assign"),
    "no-confusing-arrow": () => require("./no-confusing-arrow"),
    "no-console": () => require("./no-console"),
    "no-const-assign": () => require("./no-const-assign"),
    "no-constant-condition": () => require("./no-constant-condition"),
    "no-constructor-return": () => require("./no-constructor-return"),
    "no-continue": () => require("./no-continue"),
    "no-control-regex": () => require("./no-control-regex"),
    "no-debugger": () => require("./no-debugger"),
    "no-delete-var": () => require("./no-delete-var"),
    "no-div-regex": () => require("./no-div-regex"),
    "no-dupe-args": () => require("./no-dupe-args"),
    "no-dupe-class-members": () => require("./no-dupe-class-members"),
    "no-dupe-else-if": () => require("./no-dupe-else-if"),
    "no-dupe-keys": () => require("./no-dupe-keys"),
    "no-duplicate-case": () => require("./no-duplicate-case"),
    "no-duplicate-imports": () => require("./no-duplicate-imports"),
    "no-else-return": () => require("./no-else-return"),
    "no-empty": () => require("./no-empty"),
    "no-empty-character-class": () => require("./no-empty-character-class"),
    "no-empty-function": () => require("./no-empty-function"),
    "no-empty-pattern": () => require("./no-empty-pattern"),
    "no-eq-null": () => require("./no-eq-null"),
    "no-eval": () => require("./no-eval"),
    "no-ex-assign": () => require("./no-ex-assign"),
    "no-extend-native": () => require("./no-extend-native"),
    "no-extra-bind": () => require("./no-extra-bind"),
    "no-extra-boolean-cast": () => require("./no-extra-boolean-cast"),
    "no-extra-label": () => require("./no-extra-label"),
    "no-extra-parens": () => require("./no-extra-parens"),
    "no-extra-semi": () => require("./no-extra-semi"),
    "no-fallthrough": () => require("./no-fallthrough"),
    "no-floating-decimal": () => require("./no-floating-decimal"),
    "no-func-assign": () => require("./no-func-assign"),
    "no-global-assign": () => require("./no-global-assign"),
    "no-implicit-coercion": () => require("./no-implicit-coercion"),
    "no-implicit-globals": () => require("./no-implicit-globals"),
    "no-implied-eval": () => require("./no-implied-eval"),
    "no-import-assign": () => require("./no-import-assign"),
    "no-inline-comments": () => require("./no-inline-comments"),
    "no-inner-declarations": () => require("./no-inner-declarations"),
    "no-invalid-regexp": () => require("./no-invalid-regexp"),
    "no-invalid-this": () => require("./no-invalid-this"),
    "no-irregular-whitespace": () => require("./no-irregular-whitespace"),
    "no-iterator": () => require("./no-iterator"),
    "no-label-var": () => require("./no-label-var"),
    "no-labels": () => require("./no-labels"),
    "no-lone-blocks": () => require("./no-lone-blocks"),
    "no-lonely-if": () => require("./no-lonely-if"),
    "no-loop-func": () => require("./no-loop-func"),
    "no-loss-of-precision": () => require("./no-loss-of-precision"),
    "no-magic-numbers": () => require("./no-magic-numbers"),
    "no-misleading-character-class": () => require("./no-misleading-character-class"),
    "no-mixed-operators": () => require("./no-mixed-operators"),
    "no-mixed-requires": () => require("./no-mixed-requires"),
    "no-mixed-spaces-and-tabs": () => require("./no-mixed-spaces-and-tabs"),
    "no-multi-assign": () => require("./no-multi-assign"),
    "no-multi-spaces": () => require("./no-multi-spaces"),
    "no-multi-str": () => require("./no-multi-str"),
    "no-multiple-empty-lines": () => require("./no-multiple-empty-lines"),
    "no-native-reassign": () => require("./no-native-reassign"),
    "no-negated-condition": () => require("./no-negated-condition"),
    "no-negated-in-lhs": () => require("./no-negated-in-lhs"),
    "no-nested-ternary": () => require("./no-nested-ternary"),
    "no-new": () => require("./no-new"),
    "no-new-func": () => require("./no-new-func"),
    "no-new-object": () => require("./no-new-object"),
    "no-new-require": () => require("./no-new-require"),
    "no-new-symbol": () => require("./no-new-symbol"),
    "no-new-wrappers": () => require("./no-new-wrappers"),
    "no-obj-calls": () => require("./no-obj-calls"),
    "no-octal": () => require("./no-octal"),
    "no-octal-escape": () => require("./no-octal-escape"),
    "no-param-reassign": () => require("./no-param-reassign"),
    "no-path-concat": () => require("./no-path-concat"),
    "no-plusplus": () => require("./no-plusplus"),
    "no-process-env": () => require("./no-process-env"),
    "no-process-exit": () => require("./no-process-exit"),
    "no-promise-executor-return": () => require("./no-promise-executor-return"),
    "no-proto": () => require("./no-proto"),
    "no-prototype-builtins": () => require("./no-prototype-builtins"),
    "no-redeclare": () => require("./no-redeclare"),
    "no-regex-spaces": () => require("./no-regex-spaces"),
    "no-restricted-exports": () => require("./no-restricted-exports"),
    "no-restricted-globals": () => require("./no-restricted-globals"),
    "no-restricted-imports": () => require("./no-restricted-imports"),
    "no-restricted-modules": () => require("./no-restricted-modules"),
    "no-restricted-properties": () => require("./no-restricted-properties"),
    "no-restricted-syntax": () => require("./no-restricted-syntax"),
    "no-return-assign": () => require("./no-return-assign"),
    "no-return-await": () => require("./no-return-await"),
    "no-script-url": () => require("./no-script-url"),
    "no-self-assign": () => require("./no-self-assign"),
    "no-self-compare": () => require("./no-self-compare"),
    "no-sequences": () => require("./no-sequences"),
    "no-setter-return": () => require("./no-setter-return"),
    "no-shadow": () => require("./no-shadow"),
    "no-shadow-restricted-names": () => require("./no-shadow-restricted-names"),
    "no-spaced-func": () => require("./no-spaced-func"),
    "no-sparse-arrays": () => require("./no-sparse-arrays"),
    "no-sync": () => require("./no-sync"),
    "no-tabs": () => require("./no-tabs"),
    "no-template-curly-in-string": () => require("./no-template-curly-in-string"),
    "no-ternary": () => require("./no-ternary"),
    "no-this-before-super": () => require("./no-this-before-super"),
    "no-throw-literal": () => require("./no-throw-literal"),
    "no-trailing-spaces": () => require("./no-trailing-spaces"),
    "no-undef": () => require("./no-undef"),
    "no-undef-init": () => require("./no-undef-init"),
    "no-undefined": () => require("./no-undefined"),
    "no-underscore-dangle": () => require("./no-underscore-dangle"),
    "no-unexpected-multiline": () => require("./no-unexpected-multiline"),
    "no-unmodified-loop-condition": () => require("./no-unmodified-loop-condition"),
    "no-unneeded-ternary": () => require("./no-unneeded-ternary"),
    "no-unreachable": () => require("./no-unreachable"),
    "no-unreachable-loop": () => require("./no-unreachable-loop"),
    "no-unsafe-finally": () => require("./no-unsafe-finally"),
    "no-unsafe-negation": () => require("./no-unsafe-negation"),
    "no-unused-expressions": () => require("./no-unused-expressions"),
    "no-unused-labels": () => require("./no-unused-labels"),
    "no-unused-vars": () => require("./no-unused-vars"),
    "no-use-before-define": () => require("./no-use-before-define"),
    "no-useless-backreference": () => require("./no-useless-backreference"),
    "no-useless-call": () => require("./no-useless-call"),
    "no-useless-catch": () => require("./no-useless-catch"),
    "no-useless-computed-key": () => require("./no-useless-computed-key"),
    "no-useless-concat": () => require("./no-useless-concat"),
    "no-useless-constructor": () => require("./no-useless-constructor"),
    "no-useless-escape": () => require("./no-useless-escape"),
    "no-useless-rename": () => require("./no-useless-rename"),
    "no-useless-return": () => require("./no-useless-return"),
    "no-var": () => require("./no-var"),
    "no-void": () => require("./no-void"),
    "no-warning-comments": () => require("./no-warning-comments"),
    "no-whitespace-before-property": () => require("./no-whitespace-before-property"),
    "no-with": () => require("./no-with"),
    "nonblock-statement-body-position": () => require("./nonblock-statement-body-position"),
    "object-curly-newline": () => require("./object-curly-newline"),
    "object-curly-spacing": () => require("./object-curly-spacing"),
    "object-property-newline": () => require("./object-property-newline"),
    "object-shorthand": () => require("./object-shorthand"),
    "one-var": () => require("./one-var"),
    "one-var-declaration-per-line": () => require("./one-var-declaration-per-line"),
    "operator-assignment": () => require("./operator-assignment"),
    "operator-linebreak": () => require("./operator-linebreak"),
    "padded-blocks": () => require("./padded-blocks"),
    "padding-line-between-statements": () => require("./padding-line-between-statements"),
    "prefer-arrow-callback": () => require("./prefer-arrow-callback"),
    "prefer-const": () => require("./prefer-const"),
    "prefer-destructuring": () => require("./prefer-destructuring"),
    "prefer-exponentiation-operator": () => require("./prefer-exponentiation-operator"),
    "prefer-named-capture-group": () => require("./prefer-named-capture-group"),
    "prefer-numeric-literals": () => require("./prefer-numeric-literals"),
    "prefer-object-spread": () => require("./prefer-object-spread"),
    "prefer-promise-reject-errors": () => require("./prefer-promise-reject-errors"),
    "prefer-reflect": () => require("./prefer-reflect"),
    "prefer-regex-literals": () => require("./prefer-regex-literals"),
    "prefer-rest-params": () => require("./prefer-rest-params"),
    "prefer-spread": () => require("./prefer-spread"),
    "prefer-template": () => require("./prefer-template"),
    "quote-props": () => require("./quote-props"),
    quotes: () => require("./quotes"),
    radix: () => require("./radix"),
    "require-atomic-updates": () => require("./require-atomic-updates"),
    "require-await": () => require("./require-await"),
    "require-jsdoc": () => require("./require-jsdoc"),
    "require-unicode-regexp": () => require("./require-unicode-regexp"),
    "require-yield": () => require("./require-yield"),
    "rest-spread-spacing": () => require("./rest-spread-spacing"),
    semi: () => require("./semi"),
    "semi-spacing": () => require("./semi-spacing"),
    "semi-style": () => require("./semi-style"),
    "sort-imports": () => require("./sort-imports"),
    "sort-keys": () => require("./sort-keys"),
    "sort-vars": () => require("./sort-vars"),
    "space-before-blocks": () => require("./space-before-blocks"),
    "space-before-function-paren": () => require("./space-before-function-paren"),
    "space-in-parens": () => require("./space-in-parens"),
    "space-infix-ops": () => require("./space-infix-ops"),
    "space-unary-ops": () => require("./space-unary-ops"),
    "spaced-comment": () => require("./spaced-comment"),
    strict: () => require("./strict"),
    "switch-colon-spacing": () => require("./switch-colon-spacing"),
    "symbol-description": () => require("./symbol-description"),
    "template-curly-spacing": () => require("./template-curly-spacing"),
    "template-tag-spacing": () => require("./template-tag-spacing"),
    "unicode-bom": () => require("./unicode-bom"),
    "use-isnan": () => require("./use-isnan"),
    "valid-jsdoc": () => require("./valid-jsdoc"),
    "valid-typeof": () => require("./valid-typeof"),
    "vars-on-top": () => require("./vars-on-top"),
    "wrap-iife": () => require("./wrap-iife"),
    "wrap-regex": () => require("./wrap-regex"),
    "yield-star-spacing": () => require("./yield-star-spacing"),
    yoda: () => require("./yoda")
}));

我们可以找到我们的semi跟quotes,还有一些其它的rule,每个rule的具体含义小伙伴可以自己去看eslint的官网或源码哦,里面都有说明的。

ESLint 附带有大量的规则。你可以使用注释或配置文件修改你项目中要使用的规则。要改变一个规则设置,你必须将规则 ID 设置为下列值之一:

  • "off"0 - 关闭规则
  • "warn"1 - 开启规则,使用警告级别的错误:warn (不会导致程序退出)
  • "error"2 - 开启规则,使用错误级别的错误:error (当被触发的时候,程序会退出)

在代码中配置(Comments)

为了在文件注释里配置规则,使用以下格式的注释:

/* eslint eqeqeq: "off", curly: "error" */

在这个例子里,eqeqeq 规则被关闭,curly 规则被打开,定义为错误级别。你也可以使用对应的数字定义规则严重程度:

/* eslint eqeqeq: 0, curly: 2 */

这个例子和上个例子是一样的,只不过它是用的数字而不是字符串。eqeqeq 规则是关闭的,curly 规则被设置为错误级别。

如果一个规则有额外的选项,你可以使用数组字面量指定它们,比如:

/* eslint quotes: ["error", "double"], curly: 2 */

这条注释为规则 quotes 指定了 “double”选项。数组的第一项总是规则的严重程度(数字或字符串)。

比如我们的demo2.vue文件:

<template>
</template>
<script>
/* eslint quotes: ["error", "double"] */
export default{
    name: 'demo2',
};
</script>
<style lang='scss' scoped>
</style>

我们添加了一个/* eslint quotes: ["error", "double"] */注释,其实跟配置文件加rules一样的效果,只是配置文件加rules是作用于所有的文件。

在config文件中配置(rules)

这个我们已经演示过了,比如:

{
    "rules": {
        "eqeqeq": "off",
        "curly": "error",
        "quotes": ["error", "double"]
    }
}

我可不可以定义一个叫xxx的规则呢?

可以! 自定义规则我们会在自定义plugin的时候详细讲解。

禁止规则(Disabling Rules with Inline Comments)

既然可以在代码中使用规则,当然也可以在代码中禁用规则。

比如我们创建一个demo-disable.js:

document.write("hello eslint")

如果我们现在运行一下eslint的话会直接报错,提示我们需要加上“;”符号。

如果我们需要在demo-disable.js文件中禁用掉eslint的话,我们该怎么做呢?

禁止掉所有规则

我们直接把/* eslint-disable */添加到文件的头部,这样会禁止掉所有的eslint规则

/* eslint-disable */
document.write("hello eslint")
禁止掉指定的规则

/* eslint-disable semi*/,如果有多个规则的话逗号隔开 /* eslint-disable no-alert, no-console */

/* eslint-disable semi*/
document.write("hello esslint")
单行注释
document.write("hello esslint") // eslint-disable-line semi
document.write("hello esslint") //eslint-disable-line
document.write("hello esslint") /* eslint-disable-line no-alert */
/* eslint-disable-next-line no-alert */
document.write("hello esslint")
document.write("hello esslint") // eslint-disable-line semi,quotes  多个注释逗号隔开
以文件分组禁止(Disabling Rules Only for a Group of Files)

比如我们要禁止demo-disable.js

.eslintrc.json:

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    },
    "sourceType": "module"
  },
  "parser": "vue-eslint-parser",
  "plugins": [
    "vue",
    "@typescript-eslint"
  ],
  "processor": "vue/.vue",
  "globals": {
    "fox": "readonly"
  },
  "rules": {
    "semi": [
      "error",
      "always"
    ],
    "quotes": ["error", "double"]
  },
  "overrides": [
    {
      "files": ["demo-disable.js"],
      "rules": {
        "semi": "off"
      }
    }
  ]
}

共享设置(Settings)

ESLint 支持在配置文件添加共享设置。你可以添加 settings 对象到配置文件,它将提供给每一个将被执行的规则。如果你想添加的自定义规则而且使它们可以访问到相同的信息,在每个规则的回调函数的context对象中包含settings属性。

在 JSON配置文件中:

{
    "settings": {
        "sharedData": "Hello"
    }
}

自定义rules会在后面的自定义plugin文章中详细介绍。

配置文件格式(Configuration File Formats)

ESLint 支持几种格式的配置文件:

  • JavaScript - 使用 .eslintrc.js 然后输出一个配置对象。
  • YAML - 使用 .eslintrc.yaml.eslintrc.yml 去定义配置的结构。
  • JSON - 使用 .eslintrc.json 去定义配置的结构,ESLint 的 JSON 文件允许 JavaScript 风格的注释。
  • (弃用) - 使用 .eslintrc,可以使 JSON 也可以是 YAML。
  • package.json - 在 package.json 里创建一个 eslintConfig属性,在那里定义你的配置。

如果同一个目录下有多个配置文件,ESLint 只会使用一个。优先级顺序如下:

  1. .eslintrc.js
  2. .eslintrc.yaml
  3. .eslintrc.yml
  4. .eslintrc.json
  5. .eslintrc
  6. package.json

配置文件层级和嵌套(Configuration Cascading and Hierarchy)

当使用 .eslintrc.*package.json文件的配置时,你可以利用层叠配置。例如,假如你有以下结构:

your-project
├── .eslintrc
├── lib
│ └── source.js
└─┬ tests
  ├── .eslintrc
  └── test.js

层叠配置使用离要检测的文件最近的 .eslintrc文件作为最高优先级,然后才是父目录里的配置文件,等等。当你在这个项目中允许 ESLint 时,lib/ 下面的所有文件将使用项目根目录里的 .eslintrc 文件作为它的配置文件。当 ESLint 遍历到 test/ 目录,your-project/.eslintrc 之外,它还会用到 your-project/tests/.eslintrc。所以 your-project/tests/test.js 是基于它的目录层次结构中的两个.eslintrc 文件的组合,并且离的最近的一个优先。通过这种方式,你可以有项目级 ESLint 设置,也有覆盖特定目录的 ESLint 设置。

同样的,如果在根目录的 package.json 文件中有一个 eslintConfig 字段,其中的配置将使用于所有子目录,但是当 tests 目录下的 .eslintrc 文件中的规则与之发生冲突时,就会覆盖它。

your-project
├── package.json
├── lib
│ └── source.js
└─┬ tests
  ├── .eslintrc
  └── test.js

如果同一目录下 .eslintrcpackage.json 同时存在,.eslintrc 优先级高会被使用,package.json 文件将不会被使用。

**注意:**如果在你的主目录下有一个自定义的配置文件 (~/.eslintrc) ,如果没有其它配置文件时它才会被使用。因为个人配置将适用于用户目录下的所有目录和文件,包括第三方的代码,当 ESLint 运行时可能会导致问题。

默认情况下,ESLint 会在所有父级目录里寻找配置文件,一直到根目录。如果你想要你所有项目都遵循一个特定的约定时,这将会很有用,但有时候会导致意想不到的结果。为了将 ESLint 限制到一个特定的项目,在你项目根目录下的 package.json 文件或者 .eslintrc.* 文件里的 eslintConfig 字段下设置 "root": true。ESLint 一旦发现配置文件中有 "root": true,它就会停止在父级目录中寻找。

{
    "root": true
}

在 YAML 中:

---
  root: true

例如,projectAlib/ 目录下的 .eslintrc 文件中设置了 "root": true。这种情况下,当检测 main.js 时,lib/ 下的配置将会被使用,projectA/ 下的 .eslintrc 将不会被使用。

home
└── user
    ├── .eslintrc <- Always skipped if other configs present
    └── projectA
        ├── .eslintrc  <- Not used
        └── lib
            ├── .eslintrc  <- { "root": true }
            └── main.js

完整的配置层次结构,从最高优先级最低的优先级,如下:

  1. 行内配置
    1. /*eslint-disable*//*eslint-enable*/
    2. /*global*/
    3. /*eslint*/
    4. /*eslint-env*/
  2. 命令行选项(或 CLIEngine 等价物):
    1. --global
    2. --rule
    3. --env
    4. -c--config
  3. 项目级配置:
    1. 与要检测的文件在同一目录下的 .eslintrc.*package.json 文件
    2. 继续在父级目录寻找 .eslintrcpackage.json文件,直到根目录(包括根目录)或直到发现一个有"root": true的配置。
  4. 如果不是(1)到(3)中的任何一种情况,退回到 ~/.eslintrc 中自定义的默认配置。

继承配置文件(Extending Configuration Files)

我们可以使用extends字段去继承一个配置文件,这个配置文件可以是单独的一个文件、第三方依赖、插件。

单独的一个config文件

我们在项目根目录创建一个config目录,然后在config目录中创建一个cust-config.js,然后添加一条“不允许出现console”的规则。

cust-config.js:

module.exports = {
    rules: {
        "no-console": "error", //禁止使用console
    }
};

然后创建一个demo-console.js测试

demo-console.js:

console.log("hello eslint");

然后使用extends字段继承我们的配置信息

.eslintrc.json:

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    },
    "sourceType": "module"
  },
  "parser": "vue-eslint-parser",
  "plugins": [
    "vue",
    "@typescript-eslint"
  ],
  "processor": "vue/.vue",
  "globals": {
    "fox": "readonly"
  },
  "rules": {
    "semi": [
      "error",
      "always"
    ],
    "quotes": ["error", "double"]
  },
  "overrides": [
    {
      "files": ["demo-disable.js"],
      "rules": {
        "semi": "off"
      }
    }
  ],
  "extends": [
    "./config/cust-config.js"
  ]
}

运行eslint:

192:eslint-demo yinqingyang$ npx eslint ./src/*

/Users/yinqingyang/doc/h5/study/高级程序设计/eslint-demo/src/demo-console.js
  1:1  error  Unexpected console statement  no-console

/Users/yinqingyang/doc/h5/study/高级程序设计/eslint-demo/src/demo-semi.js
  1:31  error  Missing semicolon  semi

/Users/yinqingyang/doc/h5/study/高级程序设计/eslint-demo/src/demo2.vue
  5:11  error  Strings must use doublequote  quotes

✖ 3 problems (3 errors, 0 warnings)
  2 errors and 0 warnings potentially fixable with the `--fix` option.

192:eslint-demo yinqingyang$ 


可以发现有报错信息“error Unexpected console statement no-console”,说明我们的自定义config文件起作用了。

第三方依赖

其实跟我们第一种方式是一样的,也就是把我们的config文件发布,然后利用npm依赖,我就不演示了。

插件继承

这种方式其实跟第二种有点像,但是插件的功能大于配置文件功能,前面我们使用了两个插件:eslint-plugin-vue跟@t y pescript-eslint/eslint-plugin,我们也提前已经使用了插件:

.eslintrc.json

{
 ...
  "plugins": [
    "vue",
    "@typescript-eslint"
  ],
 ...
}

我们打开vue的插件看一下清单文件:

Xxx/eslint-demo/node_modules/eslint-plugin-vue/lib/index.js

/*
 * IMPORTANT!
 * This file has been automatically generated,
 * in order to update it's content execute "npm run update"
 */
'use strict'

module.exports = {
	...
  configs: {
    'base': require('./configs/base'),
    'essential': require('./configs/essential'),
    'no-layout-rules': require('./configs/no-layout-rules'),
    'recommended': require('./configs/recommended'),
    'strongly-recommended': require('./configs/strongly-recommended')
  },
  ...
}

可以看到,vue插件提供了configs字段给外部调用,里面有“base”、“essential”、“no-layout-rules”、“recommended”

、“strongly-recommended”,我们打开base看看:

/*
 * IMPORTANT!
 * This file has been automatically generated,
 * in order to update it's content execute "npm run update"
 */
module.exports = {
  parser: require.resolve('vue-eslint-parser'),
  parserOptions: {
    ecmaVersion: 2018,
    sourceType: 'module',
    ecmaFeatures: {
      jsx: true
    }
  },
  env: {
    browser: true,
    es6: true
  },
  plugins: [
    'vue'
  ],
  rules: {
    'vue/comment-directive': 'error',
    'vue/jsx-uses-vars': 'error'
  }
}

其实这就是一个eslint的配置文件,我们可以选择继承并使用它。比如我们使用一下vue的recommended配置:

.eslintrc.json

{
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "es2020": true
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "jsx": true
    },
    "sourceType": "module"
  },
  "parser": "vue-eslint-parser",
  "plugins": [
    "vue",
    "@typescript-eslint"
  ],
  "processor": "vue/.vue",
  "globals": {
    "fox": "readonly"
  },
  "rules": {
    "semi": [
      "error",
      "always"
    ],
    "quotes": ["error", "double"]
  },
  "overrides": [
    {
      "files": ["demo-disable.js"],
      "rules": {
        "semi": "off"
      }
    }
  ],
  "extends": [
    "./config/cust-config.js", //继承自定义config文件
    "plugin:vue/recommended" //继承vue的recommended配置
  ]
}
192:eslint-demo yinqingyang$ npx eslint ./src/*

xx/doc/h5/study/高级程序设计/eslint-demo/src/demo-console.js
  1:1  error  Unexpected console statement  no-console

xx/doc/h5/study/高级程序设计/eslint-demo/src/demo-semi.js
  1:31  error  Missing semicolon  semi

xx/doc/h5/study/高级程序设计/eslint-demo/src/demo2.vue
  1:1   error    The template root requires exactly one element      vue/valid-template-root
  1:1   warning  Require self-closing on HTML elements (<template>)  vue/html-self-closing
  5:11  error    Strings must use doublequote                        quotes
  5:11  warning  Property name "demo2" is not PascalCase             vue/name-property-casing

✖ 6 problems (4 errors, 2 warnings)
  2 errors and 2 warnings potentially fixable with the `--fix` option.

192:eslint-demo yinqingyang$ 

可以看到,我们的demo2.vue文件中多了很多报错

demo2.vue:

<template>
</template>
<script>
export default{
    name: 'demo2',
};
</script>
<style lang='scss' scoped>
</style>
  1. The template root requires exactly one element vue/valid-template-root

    (模版必须包含至少一个元素)

  2. warning Require self-closing on HTML elements () vue/html-self-closing

    (如果为空元素的话使用自闭合)

    1. error Strings must use doublequote quotes

    2. warning Property name "demo2" is not PascalCase vue/name-property-casing

    (组件的name属性必须是驼峰命名)

    忽略文件(Ignoring Files and Directories)

    demo中我们可以看到,我们每次执行eslint的时候执行的命令:

    npx eslint ./src/*
    

    也就是说会校验./src目录下的所有文件,如果有些文件不需要校验的话该怎么办呢?

    .eslintignore

    在根目录创建一个.eslintignore文件。

    .eslintignore:

    src/demo-ignore.js

    然后我们在src下面创建一个demo-ignore.js:

    demo-ignore.js

    document.write("hello eslint")

    运行eslint:

    192:eslint-demo yinqingyang$ npx eslint ./src/*
    
    xx/study/高级程序设计/eslint-demo/src/demo-console.js
      1:1  error  Unexpected console statement  no-console
    
    xx/h5/study/高级程序设计/eslint-demo/src/demo-ignore.js
      0:0  warning  File ignored because of a matching ignore pattern. Use "--no-ignore" to override
    
    xx/study/高级程序设计/eslint-demo/src/demo-semi.js
      1:31  error  Missing semicolon  semi
    
    xxy/高级程序设计/eslint-demo/src/demo2.vue
      2:1   warning  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4 spaces  vue/html-indent
      6:11  error    Strings must use doublequote                         quotes
      6:11  warning  Property name "demo2" is not PascalCase              vue/name-property-casing
    
    ✖ 6 problems (3 errors, 3 warnings)
      2 errors and 2 warnings potentially fixable with the `--fix` option.
    
    192:eslint-demo yinqingyang$ 
    
    

    可以看到一条警告:

    xx/h5/study/高级程序设计/eslint-demo/src/demo-ignore.js
      0:0  warning  File ignored because of a matching ignore pattern. Use "--no-ignore" to override
    

    当 ESLint 运行时,在确定哪些文件要检测之前,它会在当前工作目录中查找一个 .eslintignore 文件。如果发现了这个文件,当遍历目录时,将会应用这些偏好设置。一次只有一个 .eslintignore 文件会被使用,所以,不是当前工作目录下的 .eslintignore 文件将不会被用到。

    Globs 匹配使用 node-ignore,所以大量可用的特性有:

    • # 开头的行被当作注释,不影响忽略模式。
    • 路径是相对于 .eslintignore 的位置或当前工作目录。通过 --ignore-pattern command 传递的路径也是如此。
    • 忽略模式同 .gitignore 规范
    • ! 开头的行是否定模式,它将会重新包含一个之前被忽略的模式。
    • 忽略模式依照 .gitignore 规范.

    特别值得注意的是,就像 .gitignore 文件,所有用作 .eslintignore--ignore-pattern 模式的路径必须使用前斜杠作为它们的路径分隔符。

    # Valid
    /root/src/*.js
    
    # Invalid
    \root\src\*.js
    

    请参参阅 .gitignore 规范查看有关有效语法的更多示例。

    除了 .eslintignore 文件中的模式,ESLint总是忽略 /node_modules/*/bower_components/* 中的文件。

    例如:把下面 .eslintignore 文件放到当前工作目录里,将忽略项目根目录下的 node_modulesbower_components 以及 build/ 目录下除了 build/index.js 的所有文件。

    # /node_modules/* and /bower_components/* in the project root are ignored by default
    
    # Ignore built files except build/index.js
    build/*
    !build/index.js
    

    **重要:**注意代码库的 node_modules 目录,比如,一个 packages 目录,默认情况下不会被忽略,需要手动添加到 .eslintignore

    Using an Alternate File

    如果相比于当前工作目录下 .eslintignore 文件,你更想使用一个不同的文件,你可以在命令行使用 --ignore-path 选项指定它。例如,你可以使用 .jshintignore 文件,因为它有相同的格式:

    eslint --ignore-path .jshintignore file.js
    

    你也可以使用你的 .gitignore 文件:

    eslint --ignore-path .gitignore file.js
    

    任何文件只要满足标准忽略文件格式都可以用。记住,指定 --ignore-path 意味着任何现有的 .eslintignore 文件将不被使用。请注意,.eslintignore 中的匹配规则比 .gitignore 中的更严格。

    Using eslintIgnore in package.json

    如果没有发现 .eslintignore 文件,也没有指定替代文件,ESLint 将在 package.json 文件中查找 eslintIgnore 键,来检查要忽略的文件。

    {
      "name": "mypackage",
      "version": "0.0.1",
      "eslintConfig": {
          "env": {
              "browser": true,
              "node": true
          }
      },
      "eslintIgnore": ["hello.js", "world.js"]
    }
    

    Ignored File Warnings

    当你传递目录给 ESLint,文件和目录是默默被忽略的。如果你传递一个指定的文件给 ESLint,你会看到一个警告,表明该文件被跳过了。例如,假如你有一个像这样的 .eslintignore文件:

    foo.js
    

    然后你执行:

    eslint foo.js
    

    你将会看到这个警告:

    foo.js
      0:0  warning  File ignored because of your .eslintignore file. Use --no-ignore to override.
    
    ✖ 1 problem (0 errors, 1 warning)
    

    这种消息出现是因为 ESLint 不确定你是否想检测文件。正如这个消息表明的那样,你可以使用 --no-ignore 覆盖忽略的规则。

    好啦,eslint的配置文件环节我们算是全部分析了一遍,文章有点长,我们算结合demo跟着官网走了一遍,也算是收获满满,不得不佩服写eslint框架的大神,使得功能这么强大的一个工具变得这么通俗易懂,下一节我们将重点针对eslint的plugin做解析,打造一个属于你自己的plugin,敬请期待!

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